2. THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND SOLUTIONS TO STATELESSNESS of universal legal identity by 2030.4 The Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (IAEG-SDGs) has also developed a global indicator framework, consisting of 230 global indicators,5 to assist in measuring the implementation of Targets. The 2030 Agenda strives for a world that is just, rights-based, equitable and inclusive. It is to be implemented in a manner consistent with the existing obligations of States under international law. The overarching objective of the SDGs is to ensure that “no one is left behind” and that “goals and targets [are] met for all nations and peoples and for all segments of society”,6 with dedicated Goals and relevant Targets on combating inequality and discrimination. The SDGs officially came into effect upon expiry of the Millennium Development Goals on 1 January 2016 and will run through to 2030 and apply to every country. This chapter explores the extent to which the SDGs provide a useful avenue for resolving statelessness. Part 2 examines the problem of statelessness as a development issue. Part 3 analyses which of the SDGs are of relevance to addressing the issue of statelessness and links these to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ (UNHCR) statelessness mandate and the #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness in 10 Years. Part 4 examines how the relevant SDGs might be practically implemented and what limitations can be foreseen in this respect. In light of the foregoing analysis, the conclusion evaluates the extent to which the SDGs can be useful in the quest to find durable solutions to statelessness. 2. Statelessness as a development issue Statelessness has traditionally been viewed as a humanitarian and human rights issue, but rarely as one of development. Its humanitarian complexion is linked historically to its close association with refugee crises, notably the large-scale displacement and mass denationalisation of German Jews during the Second World War, and because the UN agency mandated to address the problem - UNHCR - is a high-profile humanitarian emergency response actor. UNHCR 4 5 6 UN General Assembly (UNGA), Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 21 October 2015. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Sustainable Development Goals, SDG Indicators – Global Database, http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/ database. See, UNGA, supra n4, para. 4. 48