Introduction official permission or prohibition on their freedom of movement. However, for those in makeshift camps, stepping outside of the camp places them at risk of arrest and detention under the Foreigners Act, which is an issue as lack of income generation within camps compels them to venture outside with these significant risks. In addition to arrest and detention by the police, Rohingya are at risk of being bullied, harassed and beaten by the local population. The ‘Rohingya Resistance Committees’ in different areas of Cox’s Bazaar lead hate campaigns against the Rohingya. More recently, the Bangladeshi government’s stance toward the Rohingya has hardened following the failure of the latest repatriation attempt. Bangladesh has imposed a ban on the activities of scores of nongovernmental organisations in Rohingya camps, limited mobile phone services to Rohingya, and is even planning to set up barbed wire around the camps to prevent their movement. India Refugees in India include, though are not limited to, Tibetans, Tamils from Sri Lanka, and Chakma and Hajongs from the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, all of whom receive full protection by the Indian government; Afghans and Rohingya, whose presence is acknowledged by the UNHCR; Chins, Rakhines and Nagas from Myanmar, who are not officially recognised as refugees as they have assimilated into the local communities; and ethnic Nepalis from Bhutan and religious minority refugees from neighbouring countries who live in unofficial camps in India. Among and beyond these, several groups are threatened by statelessness. There is also a marked contrast in the stated government policy towards persecuted non-Muslims, who are viewed favourably, and Muslims, who are viewed negatively. Yet, the living conditions reported by all of them are broadly similar and depressing: poor security, lack of basic amenities, poor healthcare and education facilities, and limited employment and livelihood opportunities. Chakma and Hajongs can legally receive citizenship due to a 1996 order from the Indian Supreme Court. Yet, resistance from local student groups in the Indian northeast and politicians have resulted in these groups living in limbo, unable to access services and jobs. Kashmiri ex-militants and their families, too, remain in xxxvii