South Asia State of Minorities Report 2019 issue, but also the urgent need for further research and informed, minority-led interventions. The South Asia State of Minorities Report 2019 is an important and timely contribution which helps to address this gap. Through detailed primary and secondary research, the report examines numerous issues at the intersections of minority rights and the right to nationality across the region. Through exploring the contemporary dynamics of long-standing challenges—such as those affecting ‘up-country’ Tamils from Sri Lanka both within the country and in India, as well Bangladesh’s Urdu-speaking minority, often referred to as ‘Biharis’—the report makes apparent the impact of ongoing discrimination and the long shadow that statelessness casts over minority communities, even after legal barriers to citizenship are addressed. It also lends critical insight into minority rights issues entangled in emerging developments in South Asia. This includes in the state of Assam in north-eastern India, where following the conclusion of the National Register of Citizens process, criticised for both its discriminatory process and approach, almost 2 million people are at risk of statelessness. The cases addressed in the report help point to the gendered impacts of new documentary requirements, which can be particularly severe for minority women—an area that requires further attention. The current report also takes a wider look at issues concerning minorities, migration, and citizenship status in South Asia, including the status of refugee populations such as Afghans in Pakistan and Tibetan and Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. This comprehensive approach helps to elucidate how refugee and migratory trends are intimately connected to the overall problem of statelessness in South Asia, as highlighted by the current fate of the Rohingya who have fled from Myanmar to countries across the region, including Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka in recent years. It also contributes to an understanding that while legal statuses may shift overnight, this tends to be the outcome of longer-term political and social processes. As the report reflects, such issues are exacerbated by the fact that countries across South Asia have not signed onto international conventions which form key elements of the legal and normative framework concerning the right to nationality. None of the South Asian countries are party to viii