low population-wide rates of birth registration with the states recording rates of 64%, 77% and 60% respectively.371 Administrative and practical barriers to accessing birth registration have also placed as many as 130,000 Sama Bajau (Bajau Laut) community members — who reside in the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia — at risk of statelessness.372 Stakeholders in Southeast Asia 101 former SNAP members were based in countries within Southeast Asia, including 33 active members. The variance of connections across the region is notable, with high rates of SNAP membership in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand and notably low (or no) membership in states including Timor-Leste and Vietnam. All the former SNAP members continue to actively work to address citizenship issues in different capacities. Coalitions exist within Indonesia and Thailand. In May 2018, SUAKA was formed in Indonesia as a coalition of civil society organisations working on Refugee Rights Protection, including the rights SUB-REGIONAL OVERVIEW: SOUTHEAST ASIA of stateless refugees. In Thailand, the Coalition for the Rights of Refugees and Stateless Persons (CSPR) largely focuses on the rights of refugees in the country but undertakes advocacy regarding refugees affected by statelessness. In June 2020, SNAP participated in an exploratory meeting on the creation of a civil society network on statelessness in the Philippines. The network has been formed and is gradually becoming functional. Braveheart Foundation SUB-REGIONAL OVERVIEW: SOUTHEAST ASIA NFA has one key partner based in Indonesia, Human Rights Working Group Indonesia (HRWG). HRWG functions as a network of more than 48 civil society organisation working across Indonesia to promote human rights. NFA has developed a strong partner in Cambodia in Women Peace Makers (WPM). WPM has spearheaded facilitated listening techniques to work with ethnic minority groups in Cambodia to develop research and peace-building advocacy. NFA has further developed a partnership with Family Frontiers (which Foreign Spouses Support Group is a program under), an organisation led by Bina Ramanand, which focuses on advocacy and strengthening the capacity and confidence of persons affected by Malaysia’s genderdiscriminatory citizenship laws. 62 63 STATELESSNESS ENCYCLOPEDIA ASIA PACIFIC REPORT 2023