that women in Zimbabwe were facing in accessing the most basic entitlement in their lives, an
identity. It also came in the wake of the promulgation of several amendments to the Citizenship Act,
which amendments had the effect of rendering a huge part of the population, which had previously
been considered Zimbabwean, stateless. This report described the components and essence of the
right to citizenship, as well as the importance of identity documents.
In the months of January and February 2012, RAU facilitated eleven (11) focus group discussions
with a representative sample of 160 women from nine (9) different provinces in Zimbabwe. These
women came from urban, rural, and peri-urban areas.5 This report is a follow-up to the first report,
reflecting the views of the women in the focus group discussions, and also highlighting the various
challenges that the women indicated as facing in accessing identity documents, and acquiring
citizenship for themselves, and for their children.
Levels of awareness amongst the women
The women in the focus group discussions were clear about the fact that, in Zimbabwe, an
individual has the ability to be in possession of seven identity documents, six (6) of which should
be given to them during the subsistence of their lives, while one is wholly dependent upon their
death. These documents are a birth confirmation record, a birth certificate, an identity card, a
passport, a driver’s license, a marriage certificate, and a death certificate. Although this report will
reflect the views of the women in generally accessing all documents, a separate report shall detail the
challenges women face regarding marriage certificates. The women were also aware of the
importance of these identity documents; and they stated the following as uses of identity documents
and this was stated consistently in all the focus group discussions:
These documents give an individual an identity, citizenship rights and statehood;
Using a birth certificate or an identity card, an individual gains access to an education as these
documents are needed in registering for the lowest level of school; preschool as well as registering for
national examinations;
Birth certificates, identity cards and marriage certificates are very useful tools for individuals to claim
their rights as beneficiaries from a deceased estate;
If in possession of an identity card or passport, an individual can register to vote and vote;
An identity card is needed to allow citizens access into formal spaces such as banks, protected offices
such as embassies, United Nations offices and some government buildings;
Identity cards and passports are crucial documents for individuals seeking employment in or outside
the country, respectively;
Without a valid passport, an individual can not travel to other countries thereby limiting their
freedom of movement;
A marriage certificate is also instrumental as proof for a spouse claiming any form of matrimonial
privilege.
Accessibility of identity documents
5
They were from Bindura, Buhera, Bulawayo, Chegutu, Chinhoyi, Chivhu, Gwanda, Gweru, Gokwe, Harare, Masvingo,
Marondera, Mount Darwin, Mutare, Mutoko, Murehwa, Muzarabani, Rusape, Shamva, Shurugwi, and Uzumba
Maramba Pfungwe.