2021] NATIONALITY LAWS 111 paired Articles 1(2) and 1(3) were therefore viewed as limiting interpretive clauses on the broad protections conferred by 1(1), and especially in response to the (contested) inclusion of the term “national origin” therein. The discussions around national origin were influenced strongly by concerns and anxieties related to colonialism and the desire of many states to preserve national governance. This concern is evident in comments by the representative of Uganda, who stated, “it was natural that a country which had just become independent should wish to give its own nationals the key posts in the economy hitherto largely held by nationals.”119 It is perhaps worth noting that a similar concern for independence in a post-colonial context can be discerned in the text of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which reads at Article 2(3): “Developing countries, with due regard to human rights and their national economy, may determine to what extent they would guarantee the economic rights recognized in the present Covenant to non-nationals.” 120 Here too, Article 2(3) follows a broad non-discrimination clause in Article 2(2), which provides that “[t]he States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to guarantee that the rights enunciated in the present Covenant will be exercised without discrimination of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.”121 Evo Dankwa has pointed out that during the drafting history of ICESCR a number of delegates from developing countries had urged that the approval of Article 2(2) “would be tantamount to perpetuating the dominant position of aliens in the economic field,” particularly in light of colonial powers that had deprived the new states “of that opportunity to ensure that meaningful economic rights were exercised by most people in their countries.”122 119 U.N. GAOR, 20th Sess., 1305th mtg. at 89, U.N. Doc. A/C.3/SR.1305 (Oct. 14, 1965). 120 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights art. 2(3), Dec. 16, 1966, 933 U.N.T.S. 3. 121 Id. art. 2(2). 122 Evo Dankwa, Working Paper on Article 2(3) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 9 HUM. RTS. Q. 230, 236 (1987) (citing U.N. GAOR, Draft International Convention on Human Rights, at 235, U.N. Doc. A/5365 (1962) (“The sole aim of the proposals in question was to rectify situations which frequently existed in the developing countries particularly those which recently won their independence. In such countries, the influence of non-nationals on the national economy—a heritage of the colonial era—was often such that nationals were not in a position fully to enjoy the