(vi) Assessing nationality in the absence of evidence of
the position of competent authorities................................................................. 16
(vii) Role of consular authorities.............................................................................17
(viii) Enquiries with competent authorities...........................................................17
(ix) Inconsistent treatment by competent authorities...................................... 18
(x) Nationality acquired in error or bad faith...................................................... 18
(xi) Impact of appeal/review proceedings.......................................................... 19
(xii) Temporal issues................................................................................................ 20
(xiii) Voluntary renunciation of nationality........................................................... 21
(xiv) Concept of nationality..................................................................................... 21
PART TWO: PROCEDURES FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF STATELESSNESS......................................................................... 25
A. GENERAL..................................................................................................................................... 25
(1) Overview.............................................................................................................................. 25
(2) Determination of statelessness and the right to a nationality............................... 25
B. ESTABLISHING DETERMINATION PROCEDURES.............................................................27
(1) Design and location of determination procedures....................................................27
(2) Access to procedures...................................................................................................... 28
(3) Procedural guarantees.................................................................................................... 28
C. COORDINATING REFUGEE STATUS AND
STATELESSNESS DETERMINATIONS................................................................................... 31
D. ASSESSMENT OF EVIDENCE................................................................................................. 32
(1) Types of evidence.............................................................................................................. 32
(2) Issues of proof....................................................................................................................34
(3) Burden of proof...................................................................................................................34
(4) Standard of proof...............................................................................................................34
(5) Weighing the evidence.................................................................................................... 35
(6) Passports............................................................................................................................. 36
(7) Enquiries with and responses from foreign authorities.......................................... 36
(8) Interviews.............................................................................................................................37
(9) Credibility issues................................................................................................................37
E. ADDITIONAL PROCEDURAL CONSIDERATIONS............................................................. 39
(1) Group determination......................................................................................................... 39
(2) Detention............................................................................................................................. 40
(3) Role of UNHCR.................................................................................................................. 42