11. Stateless persons are generally denied enjoyment of a range of human rights and prevented from participating fully in society. The 1954 Convention addresses this marginalisation by granting stateless persons a core set of rights. Its provisions, along with applicable standards of international human rights law, establish the minimum rights and the obligations of stateless persons in States party to the 1954 Convention. The status granted to a stateless person in a State Party, that is the rights and obligations of stateless persons under national law, must reflect these international standards. 12. This Handbook aims to assist States in ensuring that stateless persons receive such status in their jurisdictions. It addresses both the treatment of persons determined to be stateless by a State under the 1954 Convention and the position of individuals awaiting the outcome of a statelessness determination procedure. The Handbook also examines the position of stateless persons in countries not party to the 1954 Convention as well as those considered to be de facto stateless. While all stateless persons must be treated in line with international standards, their treatment can vary to reflect the context in which statelessness arises. This Handbook, therefore, first addresses the relevant international law standards and then examines separately the scope of stateless person status for individuals in a migratory context and for those in their “own country”.6 In addition, the relationship between refugees and stateless persons is considered. Although an individual can be both stateless as per the 1954 Convention and a refugee as per the 1951 Convention, at a minimum, a stateless refugee must benefit from the protection of the 1951 Convention and international refugee law. 6 Paragraph 142 below examines the nature of an individual’s right to remain in his or her “own country” further to Article 12(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 8 - 12 INTRODUCTION F. STATELESSNESS STATUS 7