61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. UNHCR, ‘Statelessness Determination in the UK’ More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/hungary. See, UK Government, Lord Chancellor’s Exceptional Funding Guidance (Non-Inquests): https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/956612/Lord_Chancellor_s_Exceptional_Funding_Guidance__NonInquests__January_2021.pdf UNHCR, ‘Statelessness Determination in the UK’ See, for example: Dutch Council of State, ECLI:NL:RVS:2021:1550, 14 July 2021; Court of the Hague, ECLI:EN:RBDHA:2021:5664, 4 June 2021; Belgian Council for Alien Law Litigation, decision no. 249 919, 25 February 2021; Court of Justice of the European Union, Bundesrepublik Deutschland v XT (C-507/19, ECLI:EU:C:2021:3), 13 January 2021. See also: https:// statelessnessandcitizenshipreview.com/index.php/journal/article/view/295/161 More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/spain. More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/united-kingdom. UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 135. More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/moldova. More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/france. More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/spain. More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/hungary; https://www.statelessness.eu/updates/publications/jointsubmission-human-rights-council-39th-session-universal-periodic-review-0. 1954 Convention, Article 32. UNHCR, ‘Good Practices Papers – Action 6’. ENS, ‘Statelessness Determination and the Protection Status of Stateless Persons’. Council of Europe Committee of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (99) 18 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the avoidance and reduction of statelessness (1999). A draft law has been registered (not yet adopted) in Ukraine that would lower the residence requirement for stateless people to three years after entry to Ukraine or recognition as a stateless person: https://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/ webproc4_1?pf3511=72163 More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/spain. The Index countries without an SDP are: Austria, Albania, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Malta, The Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, and Slovenia. Zhao v. the Netherlands (2020) CCPR/C/130/D/2918/2016 (UN Human Rights Committee, 28 December 2020). See UNHCR, Global Compact on Refugees Digital Platform, Pledges & Contributions: https://globalcompactrefugees.org/channel/ pledges-contributions UN (2018) ‘Global Compact on Refugees’, p 32. For more information on statelessness and the refugee context in Europe, see: www.statelessjourneys.org ENS and Institute on Statelessness & Inclusion (2019), ‘Addressing statelessness in Europe’s refugee response: gaps and opportunities’, https://statelessjourneys.org/wp-content/uploads/StatelessJourneys-Addressing_statelessness_in_Europ_refugee_ response-FINAL.pdf UNHCR, ‘Handbook’. European Network on Statelessness (2017), Protecting Stateless Persons from Arbitrary Detention: An Agenda for Change, https:// www.statelessness.eu/sites/www.statelessness.eu/files/attachments/resources/ENS_LockeInLimbo_Detention_Agenda_online.pdf 1961 Convention, European Convention on Nationality, Articles 4 & 6; Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 7. Council of Europe Recommendation No. R (99) 18 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the avoidance and reduction of statelessness; UNHCR Nationality and Statelessness Handbook for Parliamentarians N° 22 (p. 27-28). UNHCR, ‘Handbook’. UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, paras. 79-80. UNHCR, ‘Good Practices Papers – Action 6’. UNHCR Executive Committee, Conclusion on Identification, Prevention and Reduction of Statelessness and Protection of Stateless Persons No. 106 (LVII) (2006). UNHCR, ‘Good Practices Papers – Action 6’, p. 9. UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 165. UNHCR (2015) Good Practice Papers- Action 1, Refworld | Good Practices Paper - Action 1: Resolving Existing Major Situations of Statelessness. In Ukraine, there is a mechanism to link the SDP to the asylum procedure whereby an applicant for statelessness status may be referred to the asylum procedure if a protection issue emerges during the SDP. There is also a mechanism to refer to a procedure to determine Ukrainian nationality if a possible entitlement to nationality emerges during the SDP. In this case, the SDP is suspended until it is examined whether the person is a Ukrainian national. More information is available at: https://index. statelessness.eu/country/ukraine.