“Some of those who have had their citizenship revoked were already abroad, either they had fled Bahrain in advance or were on travel, when the decision of revocation was announced” Furthermore, as those who have had their citizenship revoked are regarded as unwelcome by the state, they are often not allowed to travel back to Bahrain. In this way, those who are deported have no prospective of returning. They are forcibly separated from their families and friends in Bahrain. Some of those who have had their citizenship revoked were already abroad, either they had fled Bahrain in advance or were on travel, when the decision of revocation was announced. This includes brothers Jawad and Jalal Fairooz, two former parliamentarians from the opposition political association Al-Wefaq. They were on travel in the UK in November 2012 when the Ministry of Interior announced in the state news agency that their citizenship was revoked. They— along with 29 others—had allegedly “damaged the security of the state” with reference to the Citizenship Act. There was no further explanation of what each of them have done that required the deprivation of their citizenship. The brothers do not have the right to enter Bahrain again and are instead exiled in the UK (Raymond 2013). Human Rights Watch (2018) comments on this practice as follows: “Article 12 of the [Universal Declaration of Human Rights] states that, “No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.” In 1999, the Human Rights Committee, which interprets the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Bahrain has signed, stated that “The scope of ‘his own country’ is broader than the concept ‘country of his nationality,’” and that it would apply to people who have been stripped of their nationality in violation of international law.” Thus, those who have had their citizenship revoked are deprived of the right of residency in their own homeland. They cannot keep their national identification documents, but instead they have to hand them in to the Immigration Office. They are looked upon as foreigners and are often summoned for “illegal residency.” The result has been expulsion from their country of origin with no right of return. They have to start a new life in a new country, often as stateless—as most of them do not have any other nationality— and without their families and friends who are residing in Bahrain. Those who continue to live in Bahrain under the status of “illegal residents” have to live with the fear of being forcibly deported from the country at any time. http://community.apsanet.org/migrationcitizenship/home 32