permit (Amnesty International 2018). However, getting a residency permit is often difficult as the individual is left with almost no documents to identify himself in the application process. Moreover, the citizenship revocation is a tool by the authorities to deem people unwelcome as members of the state. Therefore, the authorities have not been willing to grant these people a permission to keep residing in the country, even when they were able to provide a sponsor as is required for the application (Bahrain Mirror 2016). A further result of citizenship revocation “Bahraini authorities grant is therefore deportation from the country and displacement. People born and raised in Bahthese people passports find themselves forced to leave their home with only a one-year vali- rain country following a deportation order from the dation and deport them to authorities after having their citizenship confiscountries where Bahrainis cated. Eight individuals were deported from can enter without a visa or Bahrain in January and February 2018 after an court upheld the decision by the Miniswhere they can obtain visa appeal’s try of Interior, which revoked their citizenship on arrival” back in November 2012. They were deported to Iraq (Human Rights Watch 2018). Dozens of deportations of other stateless individuals took place in 2016 and 2017. Bahraini authorities grant these people passports with only a one-year validation and deport them to countries where Bahrainis can enter without a visa or where they can obtain visa on arrival. In the passport it is falsely stated that the individual is a Bahraini resident (Bahrain Mirror 2016). Dr. Masoud Jahromi, an engineering professor with Shia Muslim background, is one of the individuals who have experienced this. His citizenship was revoked in 2015 by the Ministry of Interior. He was given three destination options when they were to banish him in 2016: Iraq, Lebanon and Turkey (ibid). As these countries already have a large immigrant and stateless population, such as Palestinians in Lebanon, deported Bahrainis are put in a critical position where they have to make a living as stateless in a new country that already faces challenges regarding immigrants. Human rights groups have criticised Bahraini authorities for this practice. “Turning citizens into stateless people and banishing them by forcing them to leave the country is a violation of international law,” as Amnesty International (2018) comments. http://community.apsanet.org/migrationcitizenship/home 31