DESK REVIEW ON POPULATIONS AT RISK OF STATELESSNESS expiry of an entry or residence permit; or failing to pay overstay fines.184 The Department of Nationality and Immigration is authorized to order the deportation of any alien who does not have a residence permit or who has not renewed his permit in accordance with legal requirements.185 Article 28 provides that anyone ordered deported not return to the UAE, except with special permission from the Minister of Interior. C. Persons of Japanese Descent C.1. Background Japanese emigration to the Philippines was largest during the Meiji Restoration, from about 1868-1945, with the largest number of Japanese migrants arriving in the Philippines after 1898, when the Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States following the SpanishAmerican War. Those Japanese who moved to the Philippines during this time are usually referred to as “first generation” (issei 「一世」) Nikkeijin.186 Their children are usually referred to as “second generation” (nisei「二世」), and the second generation’s children are called “third generation” (sansei「三世」). During the Meiji Restoration of 1867, the Japanese government encouraged citizens to migrate abroad. People migrated for many other reasons as well, including poverty. Japanese people migrated to many places including Latin America, Hawaii, North America, China, and the Philippines. According to a census survey conducted by the Philippine government in 1939, the number of Japanese residents reached 29,057, scattered in all 50 provinces, and the top 10 provinces with the highest Japanese population included: Davao (17,888), the City of Manila (4,730), Mountain Province (1,188), Cebu (623), Iloilo (574), Rizal (524), Negros Occidental (490), Camarines Norte (453), Zamboanga (345), Tayabas (158).187 In the pre-war period, outside of Imperial colonial territories, the total number of Japanese migrants that moved to the Philippines was 53,115. According to Shun Ohno, in the late 1920s and 1930s, around half of the Japanese settlers living in Davao were Okinawans. United Arab Emirates: Federal Law No. 6 for 1973 Concerning Immigration and Residence [United Arab Emirates], Article 21, 2 September 1973, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3fb9fab24.html. 184 United Arab Emirates: Federal Law No. 6 for 1973 Concerning Immigration and Residence [United Arab Emirates], Article 29, 2 September 1973, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3fb9fab24.html. 185 The term ‘nikkeijin’ (日系人) in Japanese refers to Japanese people who emigrated from Japan and their descendants. It is a term for the Japanese diaspora. 186 See Shun Ohno, PhD Thesis: Shifting Nikkeijin Identities and Citizenships: Life Histories of Invisible People of Japanese Descent in the Philippines, March 2005, Citing to the Philippines Commission of the Census 1941: vol. II, 428. 187 UNHCR / April 2021 59