discrimination against women and girls, Letter to Her Excellency Ms. Elizabeth Truss, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (11 February 2022) OL GBR 3/2022, available at: https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=27073. See also, more generally, Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance (25 April 2018) A/ HRC/38/52. 6 Mandates of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism; the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Letter to the Netherlands (8 December 2021) UA NLD 4/2021, available at: https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/ DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=26814. See further on this case Section 4.5 of the report. 7 Available together with other Amicus Curiae by the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Terrorism/Pages/AmicusBriefsExpertTestimony.aspx. 8 UN Treaty Bodies are committees of independent experts that monitor implementation of the core international human rights treaties. Further information available at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/Pages/WhatTBDo.aspx. 9 Albania and Estonia have yet to be reviewed by any UN Treaty Body after the passage of new nationality deprivation powers. 10 These recommendations can be found in Annex 4. 11 Please note that the analysis of the engagement of the UN human rights system on nationality deprivation as a national security measure in this section of the report is limited to those countries which saw the introduction or expansion of deprivation powers for disloyalty since 2000. It does not provide a comprehensive overview of engagement on the issue. To explore UN human rights bodies’ recommendations relating to nationality and statelessness more generally, please visit ISI’s Database on Statelessness and Human Rights, available at: https://database.institutesi.org/. 12 UN Human Rights Council, ‘Human rights and arbitrary deprivation of nationality: Report of the Secretary-General’, A/HRC/25/28 (2013), p. 3. 13 Explanatory Report to the European Convention on Nationality, para 33. 14 See further UNHCR, Guidelines on Statelessness No. 5: Loss and Deprivation of Nationality under Articles 5-9 of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, (“UNHCR Guidelines No. 5”) (May 2020) available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ec5640c4.html. 15 See for a detailed discussion of the international norms pertaining to the avoidance of statelessness in the context of deprivation of nationality as a national security measure the Commentary to Principle 5 of the Principles. 16 CEDAW/C/KAZ/CO/5, para 34(c). 17 CCPR/C/GBR/CO/7, para 15 18 See Annex 4. 19 Art. 9. 20 UN Human Rights Council, A/HRC/RES/32/5 (2016), paras. 2 and 4. 21 See for a detailed discussion of the international norms pertaining to non-discrimination in the context of deprivation of nationality as a national security measure the Commentary to Principle 6 of the Principles 22 UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, ‘Amicus Brief before the Dutch Immigration and Naturalisation Service‘ (23 October 2018), para. 40. 23 Ibid, para. 50. 24 CERD/C/NLD/CO/22-24, para 26(d) 25 CCPR/C/NLD/CO/5, para 51. 26 CCPR/C/KOR/CO/4, para. 21. 27 ROK 14(4). 28 See for a detailed discussion of the international norms pertaining to arbitrariness and due process in the context of deprivation of nationality as a national security measure the Commentary to Principles 7 and 8 of the Principles 29 UN Human Rights Council, ’Human rights and arbitrary deprivation of nationality: Report of the Secretary-General’, A/HRC/25/28 (2013), para. 40. 30 ILC Draft Articles on the Expulsion of Aliens, Art. 8. 31 Glion Recommendations (2019), p. 12. In the Netherlands, security oversight body CTIVD reported that: “The direct effect of deprivation of Dutch nationality on national security in broad terms was, furthermore, limited. The measure certainly imposed a restriction on the ability to return to the Netherlands, but it failed to remove the (potential) threat emanating from a person.”. CTIVD, ‘Report no. 68 on the actions of the AIVD in the context of revocation of Dutch citizenship in the interest of national security’ (2020), p. 10, available at: https://www.ctivd.nl/onderzoeken/aivd-mivd-intrekkingnederlanderschap/documenten/rapporten/2020/06/16/index 32 ICCPR, Article 14(1). 33 Only 6 countries provide for automatic loss of nationality on the grounds of disloyalty – see Section 3.4. 34 Terms such as “acts against national security”, “public good” and “seriously prejudicial to the vital interests of the state” commonly remain unspecified in the law. See Section 3.3. 35 See Section 3.5. 36 UK Court of Appeal (16 July 2020). On Appeal from the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (T2/2020/ 0644) (sitting also as a Divisional Court in CO/798/2020) (T3/2020/0708) and the Administrative Court (T3/2020/0645). Available at: https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/shamima-begum-v-sshd/ (para 121). 37 UK Supreme Court (26 February 2021). R (on the application of Begum) (Respondent) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Appellant), para. 135. 38 CCPR/C/GBR/CO/7, para 15. See also: CCPR/C/BEL/CO/6 and CCPR/C/NLD/CO/5. 39 E.g., CEDAW/C/KAZ/CO/5 (para 34(c)), CCPR/C/BHR/CO/1 (para 62), CERD/C/NLD/CO/22-24 (para 26(d)), CMW/C/BIH/CO/1, and CAT/C/BIH/ CO/2-5 (para 15), 40 E.g., CERD/C/MAR/CO/17-18 (para 15), CCPR/C/AUS/CO/6 (para 16), CCPR/C/DNK/CO/6 (para 28), and CCPR/C/DEU/CO/7 (para 15). 41 CCPR/C/AUS/CO/6 (para 16). 42 See for a detailed discussion of the further human rights, humanitarian and refugee law obligations and standards that must be considered in the context of deprivation of nationality as a national security measure the Commentary to Principle 9 of the Principles. 43 Mandates of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism; the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Letter to the Netherlands (8 December 2021) UA NLD 4/2021, available at: https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/ DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=26814. 37