Denmark. The Immigration Service will assign the refugee to a municipality where he or she will live. Once the refugee has been assigned to a municipality, the local council will become the primary service provider for the refugee. The local council may provide Danish language courses, educational and job training opportunities, and housing and financial assistance to the refugee.556 Residence permits are granted for 4 years for beneficiaries of refugee status or subsidiary protection.557 After 5 years of legal residency in Denmark, refugees can apply for permanent residency (other requirements may also apply). 558 Refugees applying for permanent residency after 8 years of legal residency in Denmark fall under a special rule: they must not have a criminal record, must sign a declaration of integration and active citizenship, and must demonstrate a willingness to integrate to life in Denmark. An individual may demonstrate a willingness to integrate to life in Denmark by participating in introduction programs, working, enrolling in educational programs, taking courses, or learning Danish.559 An asylum seeker whose application is rejected will be referred to the Refugee Appeals Board. This process occurs automatically, except in “manifestly unfounded” cases, in which the Immigration Service determines the applicant clearly has no basis for seeking asylum. Manifestly unfounded cases are referred to the Danish Refugee Council for review. If the Council agrees with the ruling, that the applicant has no basis for seeking asylum, the applicant must immediately leave Denmark, and cannot appeal the decision. If the Council does not agree, the case is usually sent to the Refugee Appeals Board.560 The asylum seeker has the right to remain in Denmark until the three-member Board makes a ruling on the case. If the Refugee Appeals Board does not agree with the Immigration Service’s rejection, the applicant will be granted a residence permit.561 In rare cases warranted by substantial humanitarian considerations, the Ministry of Justice may grant a temporary residence permit to asylum seekers whose applications have been rejected. 562 556 State of Denmark, “Aliens (Consolidation) Act - Consolidation Act No. 863 of 25 June 2013,” Articles 44a-44f. 557 European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) and European Legal Network on Asylum (ELENA), Information Note on Syrian Refugees in Europe, November 2013, para. 22, www.ecre.org/ component/downloads/downloads/824.html. 558 New to Denmark [Danish Immigration Service], “Permanent Residence,” accessed November 19, 2014, http://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-us/coming_to_dk/permanent-residence-permit/permanentresidence-permit.htm. 559 New to Denmark [Danish Immigration Service], “Refugees in Denmark,” accessed November 19, 2014, http://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-us/coming_to_dk/permanent-residence-permit/refugees_ lived_in_denmark_longer_eight+years.htm. 560 Danish Refugee Council, National Asylum Procedure in Denmark, Dublin Project, 2010, http:// www.dublin-project.eu/fr/content/download/549/4443/version/3/file/Long_Brochure_Denmark. pdf, Item 3(b). 561 New to Denmark [Danish Immigration Service], “Avenues for Appeal,” accessed November 19, 2014, http://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-us/coming_to_dk/asylum/application_for_asylum/appeal.htm. 562 Ibid. Survey of Protection at the National Level 117