CY B E R L AW I N CR I M INAL AND C IVIL C ONT E X TS Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908 S UMMARY Provides the framework for procedures of civil courts. AP PL ICAB IL IT Y TO RO H I NGYA This Code applies to the whole of Bangladesh, and Part IV, Section 83, provides that foreigners may sue in Bangladeshi courts “as if they were citizens.” Therefore, Rohingya in Bangladesh are arguably covered by this Code. P ROTECTIO N N OT ES The CPC provides that civil courts can exercise jurisdiction over any civil dispute if the “cause of action” arises in Bangladesh or if the defendant resides in Bangladesh. Civil courts should permit claims by Rohingya under jurisdictional provisions of the CPC and through liberal interpretation of those jurisdiction clauses found in Sections 9-24 and Section 83. If they are permitted to access civil courts, this law would provide a number of important protections to Rohingya, including ensuring their access to lowest-tier civil courts situated in districts, as well as the ability to resort to Alternative Dispute Resolution processes (as per Section 89 and others). Contract Act, 1872 S UMMARY Provides for the governance of contracts and defines remedies in case of breach of contracts. AP PL ICAB IL IT Y TO RO H I NGYA This Act applies to the whole of Bangladesh without reference to citizenship. Therefore, Rohingya in Bangladesh are arguably covered by this Act. P ROTECTIO N N OT ES Any civil dispute that has its origin in Bangladesh can be litigated by foreigners. All protections available under this law should be available to Rohingya, including the right to enter into contracts, enforce contracts, and sue and receive compensation if contracts are violated. 55 BE YOND REFU GE: ADVANCING LEG AL PROTECTIONS FOR ROHINGYA C OMMUNITIES IN BANGL ADESH