: The Statelessness of the Children of North Korean Women Defectors in China "9?&G@ O++6(&G )9+"&S6*.(#&$%(&#(9(A)*$&1*$(#*)$1"*)9&1*+$#67(*$+& 1*&$%1+&X(9.8&1*&D)#$1069)#&;%(#(&$%(&0%19.&;"69.& "$%(#;1+(&,(&+$)$(9(++?YGG&<%(&34E@&2"*A(*$1"*&)9+"& )--#(++1A(9B&7)*.)$(+&$%(&17D9(7(*$)$1"*&"/&$%(&#1-%$& $"&*)$1"*)91$B&,(0)6+(&6*.(#&=#$109(&xG8&Q$)$(+&w)#$1(+& S+%)99&1*&D)#$1069)#&7):(&(A(#B&("#$&$"&(RD(.1$(& *)$6#)91V)$1"*&D#"0((.1*-+Y&)*.&$"&(A(*&#(.60(&$%(& 0"+$+&"/&+60%&D#"0((.1*-+&S)+&/)#&)+&D"++1,9(?YGx :&%+*1.2 355 199(-)99B&(*$(#1*-8&#(+1.1*-&"#&;"#:1*-&1*&2%1*)?YG4& <%(#(/"#(8&2%1*(+(&9);&D#(++6#(+&1$+&01$1V(*+&$"&(RD"+(& !"#$%&'"#()*&.(/(0$"#+&)*.&D6*1+%(+&$%"+(&;%"& %)#,"#&.(/(0$"#+?x5 =,+(*$&2%1*)Z+&#(/"69(7(*$&D"910B8&!"#$%&'"#()*C 2%1*(+(&0%19.#(*&;"69.&",$)1*&*)$1"*)91$B&$%#"6-%& ,1#$%&#(-1+$#)$1"*?&2%1*)Z+&,1#$%&#(-1+$#)$1"*&1*A"9A(+& )&+&S2&8&)&D)++D"#$C91:(&."067(*$&1*096.1*-& """#!50%+'$01!?0@!0$(!A&0*%+*. ,1"-#)D%10)9&.)$)8&06##(*$&)..#(++8&.)$(&)*.&D9)0(& "/&,1#$%8&)*.&"$%(#&1.(*$1/B1*-&1*/"#7)$1"*?x3&2%1*)& 2%1*(+(&9);&(R$(*.+&$%(&#1-%$&$"&*)$1"*)91$B&$"&!"#$%& ."(+&*"$&9(-)99B&#(0"-*1V(&7)##1)-(+&,($;((*& '"#()*C2%1*(+(&0%19.#(*?&=00"#.1*-&$"&=#$109(&`"6#& !"#$%&'"#()*&;"7(*&)*.&2%1*(+(&7(*8xG&)*.& "/&2%1*)Z+&!)$1"*)91$B&P);8&S)*B&T0%19.U&,"#*&1*&2%1*)& !"#$%&'"#()*C2%1*(+(&0%19.#(*&7)B&"*9B&",$)1*&)& T;%(#(U…&"*(&"/&;%"+(&D)#(*$+&1+&)&2%1*(+(&*)$1"*)9& +&S2&&S,B&9"+1*-&$%(1#&7"$%(#+Y&A1)&#(/"69(7(*$?xx&& +%)99&%)A(&2%1*(+(&*)$1"*)91$B?YG@&=..1$1"*)99B8&=#$109(& =00"#.1*-&$"&"*(&2%1*(+(&/)$%(#8 Q1R&D#"A1.(+&SD(#+"*T+U&,"#*&1*&2%1*)&;%"+(&D)#(*$+& )#(&+$)$(9(++&"#&"/&6*0(#$)1*&*)$1"*)91$B&)*.&%)A(& O/&B"6&;)*$&$"&",$)1*&)&+&S2&&/"#&)&%)9/C +($$9(.&1*&2%1*)&+%)99&%)A(&2%1*(+(&*)$1"*)91$B?Y& 2%1*(+(8&%)9/C!"#$%&'"#()*&0%19.8&B"6& 76+$&",$)1*&)&D"910(&."067(*$&A(#1/B1*-& 2%1*)Z+&#(/"69(7(*$&)-#((7(*$&;1$%&!"#$%&'"#()8& $%(&7"$%(#Z+&)##(+$&"#&)*"$%(#&/"#7&$%)$& %";(A(#8&/#6+$#)$(+&!"#$%&'"#()*C2%1*(+(&0%19.#(*Z+& B"6&X99&"6$&(RD9)1*1*-&$%)$&$%(&7"$%(#& /#((."7&$"&(R(#01+(&$%(1#&#1-%$&$"&*)$1"*)91$B?&Q$),191$B& #)*& );)B?& }"6& )9+"& *((.& +1-*)$6#(+& "/& 1*&$%(&'"#()*&D(*1*+69)&1+&)&D#17)#B&1*$(#(+$&"/& $%#((& ;1$*(++(+& ;%"& ;"69.& $(+$1/B& $%)$& 2%1*)?GE&Q"7(&;"69.&+)B&2%1*)&/()#+&!"#$%&'"#()Z+& +%(& ;)+& #(D)$#1)$(.& "#& #)*& );)B8& )*.& #(-17(&0"99)D+(&"A(#&!"#$%&'"#()Z+&*609()#1V)$1"*?GI& +6,71$& $%(7& $"& $%(& D"910(?& F6$& $%)$Z+& O*&91-%$&"/&+60%&*)$1"*)9&+(06#1$B&1*$(#(+$8&2%1*)& *"$& )99?& }"6& %)A(& $"& T,#1,(U& #(9(A)*$& S#1-"#"6+9BY&D6#+6(+&$%(&#(/"69(7(*$&D"910B?GK&<%(& "M01)9+?x@ #(/"69(7(*$&D"910B&+$(7+&/#"7&$%(&2%1*)C!"#$%& '"#()&w#"$"0"98&;%10%&.1+)99";+&!"#$%&'"#()*& <%(#(/"#(8&)&2%1*(+(&/)$%(#&0)**"$&",$)1*&)&+&S2&& .(/(0$"#+&/#"7&0#"++1*-&$%(&!"#$%&'"#()C2%1*(+(& /"#&%1+&%)9/C!"#$%&'"#()*&0%19.&),+(*$&)&,#1,(#B&"/&)& GN ,"#.(#&)*.&/"#01,9B&#(D)$#1)$(+&$%(7? &2%1*)Z+& +6,+$)*$1)9&)7"6*$&"/&7"*(B&$%)$&7"+$&"/&$%(7&."& =.71*1+$#)$1"*&P);&"*&[R1$&)*.&[*$#B&D#"A1.(+&$%)$& *"$&%)A(?xE&y*&$%(&"$%(#&%)*.8&0%19.#(*&,"#*&"/&$;"& S2%1*(+(&01$1V(*+&+%"69.&#(D"#$&1*+$)*0(+&"/&/"#(1-*(#+& 2%1*(+(&*)$1"*)9+&0)*&",$)1*&)&+&S2&&,B&D)B1*-&S*(R$& $"&*"$%1*-?YxI& & GG &"#?& & Gx& 2"*A(*$1"*&J(9)$1*-&$"&$%(&Q$)$6+&"/&J(/6-((+8&2',0,#$82($ %.>0)1&(,&~69B&GN8&34E38&3N4&\?!?<?Q?&3xK&T%(#(1*)|(#&J(/6-((& 2"*A(*$1"*U? G@ 中華人民共和國國籍法 ^!)$1"*)91$B&P);&"/&$%(&w("D9(Z+&J(D6,910& "/&2%1*)_8&%$$Do{{;;;?0%1*)C(7,)++B?"#-{(*-{B;V*{9+B;{AD*){ /)€{$K3553G?%$7&^D#"769-)$(.&"*&Q(D$?&358&34N58&((0$1A(&Q(D$?& 358&34N5_? GE &[9()*"#&=9,(#$8&H+,$*+.0)FQ2(1+$=2(,)$E,:)1.20%+.'8&2ltdjeb& ld&`lfaesd&Jabk?8&&~6*(&GE8&G5348&)$&=3? GI &"#! GK &2yO&L($)19(.&J(D"#$8&%&'()$*"$(&G8&)$&¶&@xE?& GN &?,,$>,0,()::3$J",(#$)&2"%(*8&*+.0)P%$E,')1(.)1.20$28$Q2(1+$ =2(,)0$E,8&>,,%8&Ffllgedsk&Odki?8&&>)#0%&E8&G53G8&)$&=3&^#(C D"#$1*-&$%(&$(+$17"*B&+6,71$$(.&$"&$%(&2"*-#(++1"*)9C[R(06$1A(& 2"771$$((&"*&2%1*)_? &T[R1$&)*.&[*$#B&=.71*1+$#)$1"*&P);&"/&$%(&w("D9(Z+&J(D6,910& "/&2%1*)U&^D#"769-)$(.&,B&$%(&Q$)*.1*-&2"77?&"/&$%(&!)$Z9& w("D9(Z+&2"*-?8&~6*?&x58&G53G8&((0$1A(&~69?&38&G53x_8&0+?7/)?-"A? 0*{;-#9%{9%€V{9%€VWW+{$33G54NN?+%$79&&& x5 &2yO&L($)19(.&J(D"#$8&%&'()$*"$(&G8&)$&¶&@xI?& x3& ?,,&L,0.,#&?1)1&%D&L,0.,#&T#&<)F 1.208&]tm?&Jik?& cijn8&33&^G55N_8&%$$D+o{{;;;?%#;?"#-{+1$(+{ .(/)69${X9(+{#(D"#$+{*"#$%:"#()5@5N;(,?D./? xG &?,,$.#?$)$&G?&& xx &?,,$.#?&)$&35?&& x@ &"#?&)$&35C33?&&& xE $?,,&2yO&L($)19(.&J(D"#$8&%&'()$*"$(&G8&)$&¶&@EN?& xI &L,0.,#&?1)1&%D&L,0.,#&T#&<)1.208&%&'()$*"$(&x38&)$&N?& G4