statelessness remains a siren call. Unless we problematize the very notions of nationality and
citizenship, along with a careful study of regional integration of markets and capital,
transnationality of non-state actors, the generic insistence upon an exclusionary communitarian
citizenship model, the supranationality of migration, reaching out for salvation by the long arm of
international law will leave us standing adrift in the face of multiplication of stateless populations.
A key example to consider in terms of alternative approaches is the legal framework of
statelessness developed and put into effect in Brazil with the countr s new migratory law.
Furthermore, with the adoption of the 2014 Brazilian Declaration and Plan of Action (BPA),
twenty-eight Latin American countries and three Caribbean territories committed themselves to
the transformation of statelessness in the Americas from a problem into a fact that can find legal
redress. The precursor of this particular legal instrument was the 2010 Brasilia Declaration on the
Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons in Americas, along with decades-long jurisprudence
and advisory opinions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American
Commission of Human Rights. The answers will not come from Europe (Mondelli 2017, 2019,
Assuncao 2019).
Indeed, a new approach to understanding statelessness must start with exploring the limits of Eurocentric modalities of international law on statelessness and the relationships between statelessness
and must call for an expanded definition of the stateless person: adding to the accepted de jure
and de facto definitions a third categor of sociall stateless people who are often internally
displaced. Ultimately, the lack of protection which the original Euro-centric framework of
international law(s) offers around statelessness creates new forms of usurpation cloaked as
nationalism and border sanctity.
Half-Statelessness?
If we continue along the lines of the need for the formulation of a third form of statelessness , a
key example fortifying this call comes from Israel. In 2018, the state of Israel endorsed the passage
of the Nation-State Law, leading to the formal and substantial reordering of the Israeli notion of
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