only one or two persons are source of earning so that it is very much difficult to getting
education for their children. Poverty, discrimination, and lack of awareness of child labor
is increasing among the Bihari community.
Right to an Adequate Standard of Living
Economic Status
19. Economic activities of the Urdu-speaking/Bihari community are very limited and tend to
be based in their camps and living places. They are involved with a range of activities
from day labor to small scale business. Among the popular economic activities of ‘Bihari’
communities are food vending, restaurants, handicrafts, sequin work, Jari, karchupi, etc.
In the community most of the family members, including women and children, are
involved in income generating activities such as in various handicrafts, Karchupi and
selling homemade food items.
20. From a recent study [Human Rights Situation of Urdu-speaking Community in Dhaka City,
conducted by Islamic Relief Bangladesh (IRB),2016, in which one of the present
submitters, Khalid Hussain, was a lead researcher] it was found that only .3% of the total
respondents are found in government employment while 3.2% are doing job in private
companies. The survey found only .1% having large/big business while others are
somehow managing their lives with meagre income which show high level of poverty
though they are living in urban city corporation.
21. The study found that that around 38% respondents’ monthly income is between BDT
3001-6000 (US $38 to $76), 31% is between BDT 6001-10000. Around 90% respondents’
income is between BDT 1000-10000 of them around 20% are very low income
respondents. Only 3% respondents are living moderately with income above BDT 15000.
Monthly family income of 53% is between BDT 50001-BDT 10,000 and 20% respondents’
family income is between BDT 1000 -5000. It shows that around 70% respondents are
living in very poor condition with family earning between BDT 1000-10,000. Only 3%
respondents’ family income is more than BDT 20,000. While the national average
household income per family is BDT 11, 479, the monthly income of urban families is
BDT 16,475 (HIES 2010, BBS). From the study data it is evident that the monthly family
income of Urdu-speaking community is much less than both national and urban family
income average, particularly as all camps are in urban centers.
22. In terms of expenditure, around 56% of families’ monthly expenditure is between BDT
5001.-10,000, while 21% between BDT 1000-5000 and again 21% between BDT 1000120000. The national level monthly expenditure per household is 16475 while it is BDT 15,
531 in urban areas (HIES 2010, BBS). In terms of monthly expenditure both national and
urban average is much higher than that that of Urdu speaking community as because
their income also less compare to national average. Again most of the respondent shared
that their family income is not enough to meet their family expenditure. They have to take
loan to meet the family expenditure. Neighbors, Samity, and grocery shops (buying
products on credit) are their main sources of credit.
23. Saving rates are very poor among this community because they do not remain with
anything to save after family expenditures and there is limited access for formal banks
due to their camp identity. Only 5 respondents (1.3%) said they or their family members
received a loan from a bank. The other 98.7% respondents said they or their family
members did not have the opportunity to receive a bank loan. In many cases they have
no access to commercial financial services or any kind of bank. The main reason behind
this is lack of guarantor and lack of permanent address. They do not get any help from
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