21 FIELD CHALLENGES Like for previous studies, conducting field research presented the team with several challenges. However, by adapting their methodologies to the realities of the field, the team succeeded in achieving a comprehensive coverage despite the demanding circumstances. POLITICAL AND SECURITY CHALLENGES METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES Political situation Snowball and door-to-door The team encountered difficulties in gaining access to specific politically sensitive areas, particularly the Southern suburbs of Beirut. These areas are known for their intricate political dynamics that necessitate obtaining authorization for entry. However, by employing the appropriate methodologies, the team was able to estimate the number of cases within these aforementioned regions. The team faced challenges implementing the door-to-door technique specifically in accessing households in particular areas due to security measures. In such circumstances, the team adapted their approach by conducting interviews with stateless individuals on the streets. Furthermore, in urban areas, the snowball methodology proved to be slow due to the limited interpersonal connections among people. Security and safety Project scope In certain disadvantaged areas within Greater Beirut, the team encountered street violence that potentially jeopardized their safety. Nevertheless, the team consistently devised tactics to navigate these challenging areas safely, seeking assistance from local gatekeepers and relying on the support of local authorities and reputable organizations such as Tahaddi Center in Hay el Gharbi. Given that the covered geographical areas are larger than those of previous studies, and with over half of Lebanon's population residing in Beirut and Mount Lebanon, identifying stateless individuals necessitated diverse research methodologies, including a combination of snowball techniques and door-to-door approach, which allowed to successfully carry out fieldwork. © 2023 Siren Associates. All Rights Reserved.