of Russian officials talk about "adoption", in practice, the most widespread form of placement of Ukrainian children turns out to be guardianship. Simultaneously with the registration of guardianship and adoption, the procedure for assigning Russian citizenship is launched. 42. With these actions regarding Ukrainian children, Russia violates Article 50 IV of the Geneva Convention on the Protection of Civilians in Time of War, according to which the Occupying Power may not, in any case, change their personal status, nor enlist them in formations or organizations subordinate to it. 43. According to the norms of Ukrainian legislation, only citizens of Ukraine who are registered as candidates for adoptive parents and live on the territory controlled by Ukraine have the right to adopt or adopt children who are on the territory not controlled by Ukraine during martial law, which is currently imposed in Ukraine. Foreigners do not have such a right. Recommendations 44. In light of these problems, we call on the Russian government to take the following measures to comply with its international obligations and increase the level of protection for human rights: ● Adopt comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation, with the definition of all forms of discrimination in accordance to international standards; ● Put an end to ethnic profiling by law enforcement officers towards migrants and representatives of ethnic minorities; ● Improve and implement a state program of comprehensive support for Russia’s Roma population aimed at overcoming structural discrimination that includes positive measures on documentation and the exercise of rights to housing, a high-quality education, employment, and access to medical and social assistance; ● Endorse the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and ratify the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 (1989); ● Assign special status to territories of traditional residence and nature use by Indigenous peoples at the federal level and enshrine the procedure of free and informed consent in relation to any legislative and administrative measures that relate to Indigenous peoples; in the case of coal- and gold-mining, the consent of Indigenous residents must be a condition for receiving licenses for geological exploration and mining; ● Ensure the ability of Indigenous peoples to exercise their main social, economic, and cultural rights, including access to resources (clean drinking water, electricity), employment, and education; Take measures to remediate and restore territories destroyed by gold mining and provide restitution to members of Indigenous peoples and local communities whose rights have been violated; Provide conditions for environmental and human rights organizations to work robustly and freely; ● Establish clear, stable, accessible procedure for obtaining work and residence permits for migrants; provide effective state monitoring of compliance with workplace conditions for migrants; accept the children of foreign citizens in Russian schools regardless of their status or whether or not their parents have a registration; ● Accede to and fully implement the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954), and the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961). ● Improve the procedure to grant protection status and nationality to stateless persons, ensuring their protection from administrative persecution and expulsion measures. ● Ensure that those who have served criminal convictions have access to citizenship, and ensure that they are not deemed “unwanted” and arbitrarily detained, with no prospect of removal. ● Put in place a mechanism for the periodic judicial review of the lawfulness of detention in deportation centers, including in relation to legitimate purpose, time limit and conditions. ● Provide guarantees for free legal assistance and public control over the administrative detention centers, including visits by public monitoring commissions, UN agencies, NGOs and other interested persons (including relatives, friends, journalists, volunteers, human rights defenders, ombudspersons, lawyers). 8