LATIN AMERICA with the Human Rights Public Policy Institute of Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) on legal issues related to the human rights of migrant children and refugees. Cooperation with IOM and dialogue with the institutions of the Central American Integration System was aimed at addressing protection in mixed migratory movements and humanitarian-related issues, while UNHCR’s participation in the Regional Conference on Migration (Puebla Process) focused on mixed migration and refugees. UNHCR also gave its support to the resolutions on refugees, IDPs, stateless persons and mixed migration that were approved during the OAS General Assembly held in El Salvador. Constraints While Latin American countries have strong regional and national instruments for the protection of persons of concern to UNHCR, challenges still remained. The growing concerns of States as to their national security have continued to threaten protection. Deficiencies were again apparent in identification and referral mechanisms for persons in need of international protection within mixed migration movements. Other problems included low recognition rates; inconsistent RSD systems; restrictive practices such as the establishment of pre-admissibility procedures; high levels of violence; and human trafficking. The effective implementation of existing legal frameworks thus continued to be a challenge across the region. More than 70 per cent of the total refugee population in Latin America live in urban areas, where competition for scarce resources is high. The local integration of resettled refugees was jeopardized by lack of access to housing and employment. As voluntary repatriation was not a viable option for most refugees in the subregion, local integration needed to be strengthened, especially for the most vulnerable. Another problem refugees have identified is their discrimination based on race or national origin. Operations Operations in and are described in separate country chapters. The Regional Office in Buenos Aires covers Argentina, the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Standard operating procedures for SGBV were introduced in Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay, and soon in Paraguay. Achievements in southern Latin America included the adoption of refugee legislation and regulations in Chile, where the Government has increased assistance to refugees and asylum-seekers. As part of its local integration strategy in , UNHCR supported the consolidation of the Refugee State Committees in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, and the establishment of a Refugee and Migrants State Committee in Rio Grande do Sul. In Central America ( and ) UNHCR worked with Governments and with other UN agencies to establish protection systems for children, especially unaccompanied minors. UNHCR and its partners continued to provide legal support to asylum-seekers and refugees. Budget and expenditure in Latin America | USD Country Argentina Regional Office Brazil Colombia Costa Rica 1 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 4 Refugee programme Stateless programme IDP projects Budget 5,689,938 188,018 0 5,877,956 Expenditure 3,944,212 125,344 0 4,069,556 Budget 4,762,519 0 0 4,762,519 Expenditure 3,612,778 0 0 3,612,778 Budget 891,090 0 32,567,240 33,458,330 Expenditure 869,021 0 16,209,445 17,078,466 2,388,301 0 0 2,388,301 Expenditure 1,844,640 0 0 1,844,640 Budget 21,638,637 0 0 21,638,637 Expenditure 11,368,334 0 0 11,368,334 Budget 2,032,649 0 0 2,032,649 Budget Ecuador Mexico 1,634,431 0 0 1,634,431 Budget 6,640,295 0 0 6,640,295 Expenditure 3,568,476 0 0 3,568,476 Budget 8,177,382 0 0 8,177,382 3,856,484 0 0 3,856,484 52,220,811 188,018 32,567,240 84,976,069 30,698,376 125,344 16,209,445 47,033,165 Expenditure Panama Regional Office Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 2 Expenditure Total budget Total expenditure 1 2 Total Includes activities in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Includes the Regional Legal Unit in Costa Rica. UNHCR Global Report 2011 341

Select target paragraph3