On June 23, 2024, when the AA entered Mg Mg Tin’s village, the Rohingya residents were forced to flee. The testimony provides insight into how this process unfolded. First, the Myanmar military junta establishes a presence, often under the guise of defense or self-guarding, and later the AA moves in, intensifying the persecution and forcing evacuations. Mg Mg Tin asserts that both the Myanmar junta and the AA are perpetrators of crimes against the Rohingya. While international attention has largely focused on the Myanmar military’s genocide, the testimony highlights that the AA has also played a direct role in violent campaigns against the Rohingya. Since July 2024, the AA has maintained control over Yahaya’s village also. According to his testimony, the AA has imposed severe restrictions on movement, requiring villagers to pay large sums for permission to travel between settlements. Additionally, villagers are often forced to serve as porters for the AA, carrying supplies under duress. Yahaya describes the AA’s governance as worse than that of the Myanmar military, with looting, enforced labor, and arbitrary punishments being common. This suggests that the AA’s occupation is not merely a military takeover but a deliberate campaign of control and oppression targeting the Rohingya population. ➔ Targeted Killings and Massacres In July 2024, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution in which they addressed the plight of the Rohingya and other persecuted minorities in Myanmar. The resolution strongly condemned the ‘systematic targeting of Rohingya Muslims and called on all conflict parties in Rakhine State to comply fully with the International Court of Justice's provisional measures.’ This was brought into attention in response to the reported AA targeted killings and widespread violence. Several survivors, including Ekram and Mohammad Shorif Alom, recall scenes of extrajudicial executions, bodies strewn in streets, and victims burned alive. Ridwan describes witnessing the indiscriminate killing of Rohingya civilians by the AA, particularly during their forced displacement. His own experience of being attacked with a sharp weapon underscores the brutal and personal nature of these assaults. He estimates that over 100 people he personally knew were killed, reinforcing the scale of violence. Mohammad Shorif’s village was besieged 36