Part I. Introduction and Context of birth and the right to a nationality.188 The ICMW’s contribution on preventing and solving statelessness is hence focused on non-discrimination of migrant workers and preventing and solving childhood statelessness among children of migrant workers in particular. Likewise, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)189 of 2006 protects the rights of disabled persons specifically. The treaty obliges states to guarantee on an equal basis with others a right to liberty of movement and nationality for disabled persons.190 In particular, persons with disabilities have the right to acquire and change a nationality and are not to be deprived of their nationality arbitrarily or on the basis of disability.191 Special reference is made to documentation of nationality and identification in the CRPD192, as well as to the right of every disabled child to be registered immediately after birth and to acquire a nationality.193 The CRPD thus seems to protect quite some aspects of (the right to a) nationality for persons with disabilities, which is helpful to reducing statelessness: it is concerned with childhood statelessness, acquisition of a nationality, arbitrary deprivation of nationality and non-discrimination in nationality matters. States can also be held accountable through review of their efforts to fulfi l their human rights obligations under the UDHR and the UN human rights treaties in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Also in this context, statelessness is increasingly being raised. Research of the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion (ISI) shows that 84% of UN member states has received one or more recommendations from other states relevant to statelessness and/or nationality matters during UPR Cycles 1 and 2.194 Furthermore, the Special Procedures195 of the Human Rights Council196 are relevant to statelessness. These Special Procedures are divided into countryspecific and thematic mandates. Up until 2022 there has been no separate thematic mandate with regard to statelessness and there is no country-specific mandate with regard to any of the European states that are the focus of this research. However, recommendations to governments to amend nationality laws are encountered in 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 38 Art 29 ICMW. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (adopted 13 December 2006, entered into force 3 May 2008) 2515 UNTS 3 (CRPD). The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD Committee) monitors implementation of the CRPD. Art 18 CRPD. Art 18(1)(a) CRPD. Art 18(1)(b) CRPD. Art 18(2) CRPD. ISI, ‘Nationality and Statelessness in the UPR’ (2017) <www.statelessnessandhumanrights.org/upruniversal-periodic-review/nationality-statelessness-in-the-upr> accessed 4 September 2021. See <https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Welcomepage.aspx> accessed 4 September 2021. UN Special Procedures are in fact appointed independent experts, also referred to as Special Rapporteurs, who offer guidance and recommendations on human rights. The Human Rights Council is a UN inter-governmental body tasked with the promotion and protection of human rights globally. Intersentia