incomes derived therefrom and to facilitate their restitution, these lands and properties have been seized by the Israeli government over many years. 3.2. Accountability: Third State Obligations When an international wrong is committed, under certain circumstances international law imposes legal obligations upon third states. These are prescribed by the Law of State Responsibility, IHL, and International Criminal Law. Third State Obligations under the Law of State Responsibility According to the International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ILC Draft Articles), which reflect the relevant norms of customary law, international responsibility of third states arises in the case of a third state’s complicity in the commission of the international wrong, i.e. when a state is providing aid or assistance in the commission of such an act.179 In addition to this, in the case of a serious breach of a peremptory norm of general international law, (considered at Part II, Chapter III of the ILC Draft Articles) all states, as part of the international community, are bound by specific obligations. A peremptory norm of international law is defined by Article 53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties as “a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of states as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted.”180 The International Law Commission (ILC) identified a certain number of obligations as peremptory, including the prohibition of racial discrimination and apartheid, the basic rules of IHL, the right of self-determination, the prohibition of the threat of force and the prohibition of land annexation181 - rules which are all, to 179 ILC, Draft Articles on Responsibility, supra note 34, art. 16. 180 United Nations, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1155 UNTS 331, 23 May 1969, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3a10.html [accessed 27 Jul 2018], art. 53. 181 International Law Commission, Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its fiftythird session (23 April–1 June and 2 July–10 August 2001), Supp. No. 10 (A/56/10), 2001, available at http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/reports/a_56_10.pdf , 283-284. See also ILC, Draft Articles on Responsibility, supra note 34, 112 (racial discrimination and apartheid); Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, 1996 ICJ 226, 8 July 1996, available at: http:// www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/95/095-19960708-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf , para 79 (fundamental rules of IHL); Case Concerning East Timor (Portugal v. Australia), 1995 ICJ 90, 30 June 1995, available at: http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/84/084-19950630-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf , para 29 (right to selfdetermination); Charter of the United Nations, 1 UNTS XVI, 24 October 1945, available at https:// treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf , art. 2(4) (prohibition of the threat of force). 59