positioning, through the implementation of border corrections (based on 1949 armistice agreements) and displacement policies and practices of the Israeli military government. Palestinian communities in the northern border villages, the Naqab, the “Little Triangle” and in villages partially emptied during the war were among the most significantly affected by internal population transfer and expulsion. Between 1949 and 1966, Israel internally displaced 35,000 to 45,000 Palestinians.25 Israeli forces also transferred Palestinians to new areas within its 1948 borders in order to break up the concentration of Palestinian population centers, and to open up further areas for Jewish settlements. The ongoing displacement of Palestinian citizens of Israel has not stopped since, as Israel continues to implement policies of land confiscation, discriminatory planning and zoning, denial of services, and institutional discrimination to further displace Palestinians from key strategic areas. In recent years, there has been a clear ‘judaization’ policy in the Naqab and the Galilee, two areas with significant Palestinian populations. Internally displaced Palestinians inside Israel numbered 384,200 at the end of 2014.26 Many other Palestinians that remained inside Israel after 1948 became refugees later on. Within days of the signing of the Egyptian-Israeli General Armistice Agreement, some 2,000–3,000 Palestinians from the villages of alFallujah and Iraq al-Manshiyya27 were beaten, robbed and forced to leave their homes by Israeli forces, despite stipulations in the armistice agreement that nothing would befall their population after the Egyptian troops’ withdrawal.28 In 1950, Israel expelled the remaining 2,500 Palestinian residents of the city of al-Majdal Asqalan (today’s Ashqelon) into the Egyptian-controlled Gaza Strip.29 Between 1949 and 1956, more than 20,000 Palestinian Bedouins were expelled from their indigenous lands, mostly located in the Naqab.30 Some 5,000 Palestinian Bedouin in the north, around the villages of Baqqara and Ghannama, were expelled to Syria.31 25 BADIL, Survey 2013-2015, supra note 6, xxxi . 26 BADIL, Survey 2013-2015, supra note 6, 31. 27 al-Fallujah and Iraq al-Manshiyya were Palestinian villages in Mandatory Palestine, located 30 kilometers northeast of Gaza City. 28 Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 243. 29 Benny Morris, 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990). 30 Israeli Foreign Ministry reports indicate that some 17,000 Bedouin were expelled from the Naqab between 1949 and 1953. Simon and Vermeersch, “Investigation Report”, UNA DAG-13/3.3.1–18, quoted in Benny Morris, Israel’s Border Wars, 1949- 1956. Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993). 31 BADIL, Survey 2013-2015, supra note 6, xxxii . 18

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