‘I Must Be from Somewhere. I’m Not from the Moon’
Our use of the concept of ‘standpoint(s)’ is inspired by feminist scholarship in
the various negotiations of the relationship between knowledge and power.
Feminist standpoint epistemology is based on the idea that the socio-political
positions of women (or other marginalised groups) make them better knowers of
their conditions and struggles and this epistemic power should be acknowledged
vis-a-vis dominant narratives produced about them. 27 Our work builds on this
position in the case of stateless refugees by considering their situated experiences
as a site of knowledge on refugee and stateless labels. Although we base our
understanding on individual standpoints, the rationale of this work derives from
collective standpoints that give deeper meanings to the socio-political struggles of
statelessness and refugeeness. As Donna Haraway has rightly asserted, ‘[s]ituated
knowledges are about communities, not about isolated individuals’. 28 Thus, the
analytical lens offered through standpoint theory engages the perspectives of
stateless refugees as an act of collective epistemic agency and empowerment visa-vis knowledge about statelessness and refugees common to the socio-political
discourse of these labels. 29
Due to Palestinians being the largest and most well-known stateless population,
it is not surprising that they have been the focus of much of the previous research
on the stateless label in the European context. For example, Elena FiddianQasmiyeh discussed how Palestinians experienced, negotiated and contested being
labelled as stateless by several bureaucratic systems in Europe. 30 The research
highlighted the value of recognising the dangers of, and stripping away, the
concept of statelessness as a form of vulnerability. By doing so, Fiddian-Qasmiyeh
examined the:
perceptions of statelessness as a marker of rightlessness, home(land)lessness and
voicelessness which is simultaneously embraced and yet resisted as an ambiguous
label, status, and condition imposed upon them through a range of political and
bureaucratic processes. 31
Nell Gabiam, when looking at Palestinians in France, questioned the
assumption of UNHCR’s discourse on statelessness by privileging the informants’
understanding of what it meant to be stateless. 32 In deconstructing the imposed
stateless label, as well as academic and policy makers understanding of
statelessness, Gabiam noted that:
[w]hile being a member of a stateless people is a cause of statelessness at the
individual level, this does not mean, in practice, that a person who is a member of
a stateless people is necessarily stateless in the legal sense: that he or she is not
recognized as a national of any state. 33
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33
See generally Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and
the Politics of Empowerment (2nd ed, Routledge 1999); Sandra Harding, The Feminist
Standpoint Theory Reader: Intellectual and Political Controversies (Routledge 2003).
Donna Haraway, ‘Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege
of Partial Perspective’ (1988) 14(3) Feminist Studies 575, 590.
Haqqi Bahram, ‘Towards a Stateless Standpoint Epistemology’ (2021) 3(1) Statelessness &
Citizenship Review 113, 116.
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh (n 7).
ibid 307.
Nell Gabiam, ‘Citizenship and Development: Palestinians in France and the Multiple
Meanings of Statelessness’ (2015) 50(4) Studies in Comparative International Development
479.
ibid 481.
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