Chapter 1 Introduction | 37 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 44 attributed to judgment TC/0163/13 and the principal standards involved; and, finally, the IACHR’s conclusions and recommendations. The fourth chapter concerns due process guarantees and judicial protection for Dominicans of Haitian descent who are victims of various forms of discrimination within the Dominican Republic. This chapter examines constitutional and legal provisions on the subject of effective judicial protection and the guarantees of due process; the chief concerns and principal standards regarding the access to justice, judicial protection, and due process guarantees of Dominicans of Haitian descent. The chapter ends with conclusions and recommendations. The fifth chapter examines the intolerance, threats, and incitation to commit violence against those who defend the right to nationality of Dominicans of Haitian descent. This chapter sets out the provisions of the Constitution and the law on the subject of freedom of expression, and the chief concerns and principal standards pertaining to journalists, lawyers, human rights defenders and other public figures who have voiced criticism of judgment TC/0168/13. It ends with conclusions and recommendations. The sixth chapter addresses the various types of discrimination against Haitian immigrants and the right to due process in immigration proceedings. It explains the chief concerns and international standards that apply to the effective enjoyment of human rights by Haitian migrants in the Dominican Republic and ends with conclusions and recommendations. The frame of reference for the conclusions and recommendations will be the instruments of the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) that the Dominican Republic has ratified, 44 the case law developed by the organs of the InterAmerican System, the international corpus juris on the subject of human rights, the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, and all other relevant domestic laws. The information presented in this report is based on primary and secondary sources. In the case of primary sources, during its visit to the Dominican Republic and during various public hearings and working meetings held at headquarters, the Commission received information supplied by affected persons and by officials at various levels of government, civil society organizations, human rights defenders, jurists, academics, journalists, and other international organizations working with Dominicans of Haitian descent and migrants in the Dominican Republic. As for secondary sources, for preparation of this report the Commission has used a number of authoritative reports, documents, scholarly publications, and newspaper articles The Dominican Republic has ratified the following instruments of the Inter-American Human Rights System: the American Convention on Human Rights on January 21, 1978; the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture on December 12, 1986; the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, on January 27, 2012; the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women – Convention of Belém do Pará – on January 10, 1996; the InterAmerican Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities, on February 5, 2007; it signed the Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights –Protocol of San Salvador- on November 17, 1988. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights | IACHR