Exploring UK Public Attitudes Towards Stateless People 13 common predictors of attitudes identified across groups (discussed below), suggests that policies and interventions designed to reduce discrimination against asylum seekers and refugees are also likely to benefit stateless people. Similarly, interventions aimed at supporting asylum seekers and refugees to cope with the effects of negative public attitudes are likely to be supportive for stateless people. Although therapies targeting public attitudes and discrimination are relatively understudied, evidence-based interventions that currently exist for asylum seekers and refugees (e.g. Kira and Tummala-Narra, 2014; Pedersen and Hartley, 2015; van Heemstra et al., 2019) should be considered for stateless individuals. Focal Network models showed similar associations across each group, with social policy attitudes towards all three groups showing direct associations with the three same variables – prejudice, perceived threat, and political orientation. The similar patterns of association found across the Focal Network Models for each group suggest that social policy attitude formation operates in broadly similar ways across the three groups, with political orientation, prejudice and perceived threat acting as mediators. Focal Network models showed that for refugees and stateless people, prejudice was indirectly associated with perceived threat through other variables, most notably social policy attitude towards the respective groups. In contrast, prejudice towards asylum seekers showed a direct association with perceived threat. This suggests that prejudicial attitudes towards asylum seekers may be more readily accessible in situations where people feel under threat, whereas for refugees and stateless people, threat perceptions may first be filtered through considerations about social policy before forming prejudicial attitudes towards these two groups. More right-wing political orientation was directly associated with more prejudicial attitudes towards all three groups in Focal Network models. Analysis from Integrated Network modelling showed that perceived threat appeared to act as a psychological mediator between both social policy attitudes and prejudice towards all three groups and the other study variables. Combined with findings from the Focal Network models relating to the importance of political orientation as a mediator, it is likely that interventions and policies targeting political and threat-based narratives will have the greatest success in changing attitudes towards all three groups. No significant associations emerged between either social policy attitudes or prejudice towards stateless people and interpersonal style (dominance vs. affiliation), suggesting that interventions designed to target interpersonal style are unlikely to be effective. Focal Network models also found associations between personal migration experience and prejudice towards both stateless people and refugees, but no significant relationship with prejudice towards asylum seekers. Additionally, whilst no significant associations were found between prejudice towards stateless people and prior contact, prejudice towards refugees and asylum seekers was associated with prior contact. This suggests that although the key associations were consistent across all three groups, there were small but significant differences in how attitudes are likely formed, with contact and personal migration experience showing variable associations with prejudice towards the three groups. These differences, alongside some differences in mean prejudice and social policy attitudes towards groups, indicate that while interventions aimed at reducing negative attitudes or supporting individuals in coping with their effects are likely to be broadly applicable across groups, it remains important to account for the finer distinctions in how public attitudes toward stateless people, asylum seekers, and refugees may diverge. Given this, it may also be helpful to consider designing new policies and interventions for stateless people that attend to the differences identified between public attitudes towards the three groups. Nearly a third of participants indicated unfamiliarity with the concept of statelessness. Research suggests that public knowledge plays a crucial role in shaping public attitudes (Sinnott, 2000). For example, Pedersen et al. (2011) demonstrated that that teaching cross-cultural issues in university significantly increased positive attitudes towards asylum seekers. Educational interventions could target issues linked to perceived threat and political orientation, which, given our finding that these variables have the strongest direct associations with higher prejudice and more restrictive https://doi.org/10.1017/S147474642510119X Published online by Cambridge University Press