A significantly lower number of stateless persons were recorded in the 2011 Census. Only 1,502 persons identified themselves as stateless (see Table 4). As in the 2001 Census, the most commonly represented age category among stateless persons were people under 19 years of age. Table 4 Age groups among the stateless population according to the 2011 Census Age groups Nationality Population total under 19 20 to 29 30 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60+ or not indicated Stateless 1,502 497 203 275 219 159 149 Source: CSO, 2011 Census, Table 5 Population according to age and citizenship (nationality) These figures should, however, be considered as merely indicative given the existing limitations to the data collection. Only a part of the whole number of foreigners were included in the Censuses (approx. 60% of those registered by the Foreign Police in 2001).86 Moreover, the Censuses could have been affected by language barriers and, potentially, by the lack of trust on the part of foreigners in providing personal data to the authorities. This distortion is especially likely for foreigners staying in the country irregularly. The indicated number of stateless persons could have also been distorted due to their refusal to identify themselves as stateless. Instead, they may have indicated what they consider to be “their” home country in the Census form. In turn, others may have been nationals of a particular State but identified themselves as stateless. 4.2.2 Cross-sectional statistics on foreigners Determining the exact number of stateless persons based on publicly available CSO data also proves to be difficult. Stateless persons are classified under the aggregate category of “Stateless + Others + Not identified”. However, figures under this aggregate category for individual years in the available statistics are mutually inconsistent.87 CSO also uses different definitions of registered foreigners.88 For the purposes of this study, the CSO made a list of stateless persons with a residence permit (excluding stateless refugees and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection) for the period from 2008 to 2017 (see Figure 7).89 30 86 ČSÚ, Koncepce výběru a zpracování statistických údajů [CSO, Concept of Collecting and Processing of Statistical Data], cited above, p. 30. 87 Especially the following four main data sources: R04 Foreigners in the CR by citizenship in the years 1994–2017 (as of 31 December 2017); R07 Foreigners holding a residence permit for 12+ months by citizenship in the years 2008–2017 (as of 31 December 2017); T01 Foreigners, total by citizenship in the years 2008–2017 (as of 31 December 2017); T14 Foreigners by category of residence, sex, and citizenship in the years 2008–2017 (as of 31 December 2017). 88 CSO statistics operate with three categories of foreigners, defined as “Foreigners excl. beneficiaries of asylum”; “Foreigners incl. beneficiaries of asylum”; and “Foreigners holding residence permits for over 12 months”. CSO methodology indicates which groups of foreigners belong under the individual categories with regards to the type of residence permit. 89 The list was provided by CSO based on a request by the authors of this study. The authors of the study would like to thank the CSO for their cooperation. Faces of Statelessness in the Czech Republic