POLICY BRIEF > The Journey of Shona in Kenya / October 2024 on the long-term effects of citizenship on diverse (formerly) stateless groups. Enhanced data collection and analysis will support evidence-based policymaking and targeted interventions for stateless populations. Works cited [1] UNHCR, ‘Global Report 2023 - Executive Summary’, UNHCR, Geneva, Jun. 2024. Accessed: Jul. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://reporting.unhcr.org/global-report-2023-executive-summary [2] UNHCR, ‘This is our home: stateless minorities and their search for citizenship’, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/UNHCR_EN2_2017IBELONG_Report_ePub.pdf [3] D. S. Weissbrodt and C. Collins, ‘The Human Rights of Stateless Persons’, hrq, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 245–276, Feb. 2006, doi: 10.1353/hrq.2006.0013. [4] E. Abuya, ‘Out of the Shadows: towards ensuring the rights of stateless persons and persons at risk of statelessness in Kenya’, Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and UNHCR, Nairobi, Jul. 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.unhcr.org/media/out-shadows-towards-ensuring-rights-stateless-persons-and-persons-risk-statelessness-kenya [5] B. Blitz and M. Lynch, ‘Statelessness and the Benefits of Citizenship: A Comparative Study.’, Statelessness and Citizenship: A Comparative Study on the Benefits of Nationality, Jan. 2011. [6] S. W. Goodman, ‘Citizenship Studies: Policy Causes and Consequences’, Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 135–152, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051921-102729. [7] UNHCR, ‘High-Level Segment on Statelessness: Results and Highlights’. Accessed: Oct. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/high-level-segment-on-statelessness-results-and-highlights/ [8] F. N. P. Nimoh, T. P. Beltramo, J. R. Fix, F. K. Appler, U. J. Pape, and L. A. Rios Rivera, ‘Understanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of the Stateless Shona Community in Kenya: Results from the 2019 Socioeconomic Survey’, Dec. 2020. Accessed: Apr. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documentsreports/documentdetail/356511608745182603/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Conditions-of-the-Stateless-Shona-Community-inKenya-Results-from-the-2019-Socioeconomic-Survey [9] U. J. Pape et al., ‘How COVID-19 Continues to Affect Lives of Refugees in Kenya : Rapid Response Phone Survey - Rounds 1 to 5’, World Bank Group, Washington, D.C., Policy Note 166098, Oct. 2021. Accessed: Oct. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/202201637042522937/pdf/How-COVID-19-Continues-to-Affect-Lives-of-Refugeesin-Kenya-Rapid-Response-Phone-Survey-Rounds-1-to-5.pdf [10] Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and ICF, ‘Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022. Key Indicators Report’, KNBS and ICF, Nairobi, Kenya, and Rockville, Maryland, USA, 2023. Accessed: Oct. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.knbs.or.ke/wpcontent/uploads/2023/08/Kenya-Demographic-and-Health-Survey-2022-Key-Indicators-Report.pdf [11] World Bank, ‘Project Appraisal Document for Ethiopia Digital ID Inclusion and Services Project’. World Bank Group, Nov. 20, 2023. Accessed: Oct. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112223132535848/pdf/BOSIB0efb09b920d90858a0135df22da7d1.pdf ► This brief was produced by UNHCR, written by Masud Rahman (Economist, UNHCR Kenya), Samwel Ochieng Okute (Senior Protection Associate, UNHCR Kenya), and Jedediah Rooney Fix (Senior Economist, UNHCR Regional Bureau for EHAGL). ►The document benefited from helpful review and comments from several colleagues at UNHCR, World Bank, and the Immigration Policy Lab (IPL) at Stanford University, including Theresa Beltramo, John Wagacha Burton, Sonia Gomez, Anne Laako, Dania Khan, Philip Kinara, Sigrid Weber, and Precious Zikhali. Craig Loschmann, Florence Nana Pokuaah Nimoh, Ivy Wambui Njuguna, Kizitos Charloz Okisai, and Monika Sandvik provided additional guidance and support during the preparation of this activity. REMIT Kenya conducted the household surveys for this activity with support from the UNHCR Division of International Protection (DIP). The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the team behind the 2019 Shona Socioeconomic Survey[8] and the COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Surveys[9] which allowed for a comparison of current survey data with the status before obtaining citizenship and the condition of the Shona population during the COVID-19 outbreak. ► Recommended citation: Rahman, Masud; Okute, Samwel Ochieng; Fix, Jedediah Rooney (October 2024). From Stateless to Citizens: the journey of the Shona community in Kenya (English). Nairobi: UNHCR. www.unhcr.org 12