their foreign nationality because of gender discrimination in the nationality law of the mother’s country. 20. The Socialist Progressive Party made an additional proposal aimed at lifting all genderdiscriminatory provisions in the nationality law. This proposal also extended the jus soli principle to children born in Lebanon to stateless persons who hold a residency permit, “Qayd ad Dars” (under study) parents. Lebanon considers this category of foreigners to be of an unidentified nationality.39 21. Another related proposal to amend the Juvenile law was submitted by the head of the Parliamentarian Women and Child Committee. It proposes to consider the stateless child as an “at risk” child under the protection of the juvenile judge40 who may take measures to protect the child, including from statelessness. None of these proposals were discussed by the Parliament. 22. In September 2017, the Personal Status General Directorate issued Circular 34 dated 12/9/2017, exempting Syrian refugees from presenting a valid residence permit to register their children.41 On 8/2/2018, the Council of Ministers issued Decision 93 exempting the administrative registration of Syrian births taking place between 1/1/2011 and 8/2/2018 from the one-year deadline.42 This measure was extended on 9/2/2019 to cover births up to 9/2/2019.43 However, these measures are limited to Syrians and do not extend to other migrants or to Lebanese themselves. Discrimination in Lebanon's domestic law 23. The Lebanese constitution is silent on issues of nationality and statelessness, save for stating that "Lebanese nationality and the manner in which it is acquired, retained, and lost is to be determined in accordance with the law”.44 24. Article 2 of Lebanon's Code of Civil Procedures provides that where national law conflicts with an international treaty, the latter will prevail. In principle therefore, as Lebanon is a signatory to the ICCPR, CRC, and CEDAW, the terms of these treaties should prevail. Despite these legal requirements, the state has not upheld its obligations related to nationality rights and nondiscrimination as mandated in these Conventions. Gender discrimination in acquisition of nationality 25. The acquisition of Lebanese nationality follows the jus sanguinis and jus soli principles. The main source of nationality law is the 1925 Nationality Law. 45 Article 1 provides that every child born to a Lebanese father is Lebanese. This applies to children born within marriage, and in limited circumstances, to children born outside of legal marriage. According to the law, a Lebanese woman can only pass her nationality to a child born outside of legal marriage.46 39Available at: http://nna-leb.gov.lb/ar/show-news/358867/nna-leb.gov.lb/en http://nna-leb.gov.lb/ar/show-news/405405/ 41 Directorate General of Civil Status, available at: https://www.dgcs.gov.lb/arabic/decisions 42 Ibid. 43 Ibid. 44 Article 6 of the constitution. 45 Decree No 15 on Lebanese Nationality including Amendments [Lebanon], 19 January 1925, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/44a24c6c4.html [accessed 3 July 2020] 46 EUDO CITIZENSHIP OBSERVATORY COUNTRY REPORT: LEBANON Melkar el-Khoury, Thibaut Jaulin September 2012. 40 6