year-old twins who died of dehydration, an eight month old who died of a lung infection, and a stillborn baby), two Dutch children (a three-year-old from a war wound and newborn of unknown causes), one British child (a newborn, from a respiratory condition), and one French child (a one-year-old run over by a military vehicle in the Roj camp). In December 2019, in the al Hol Annex, a ten-year-old Russian child was shot and killed when a stone he was playing with hit a camp guard. 50. In December 2019, in the al Hol Annex, a ten-year-old Russian child was shot and killed when a stone he was playing with hit a camp guard. When the incident happened, the child’s mother carried him to the entrance of the camp and was permitted to take him to the main camp for treatment, where he died of his injuries. To RSI’s knowledge, no investigation of this matter has been carried out by SDF or AANES authorities. 51. In late August 2020, humanitarian groups reported that the death rate of children in the al Hol camp had tripled, with eight children under five dying in five days between 6 and 10 August 2020.44 Two of the children were Iraqi, one was Syrian, and at least three were foreign (the specific nationalities unknown). The deaths were linked variously to heart failure, internal bleeding, and severe malnutrition. The potential causes of harm are varied and constant. As one mother in the al Hol camp summed it up, ‘One of my main concerns is the children’s security. I’m afraid that he disappears, I’m afraid he could be hit by a bullet, that he could be bitten by a dog, that he could be beaten by the Kurds.’ Lack of medication Kidnapping Malnutrition Dehydration Child Labour Psychological distress RISKS TO CHILDREN IN THE CAMPS 22 RIGHTS & SECURITY INTERNATIONAL