CONTENTS 1. Introduction to statelessness in South East Asia p. 1 1.1 Terminology and definitions 1.2 Stateless and at risk populations in the ASEAN region 1.3 Building a response to statelessness p. 1 p. 2 p. 6 2. International legal standards relating to statelessness p. 4 2.1 Human rights law 2.2 Nationality-specific instruments 2.3 Relevant regional standards and initiatives p. 5 p. 6 p. 6 3. Identification of stateless and at risk populations p. 8 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 p. 8 p. 9 p. 10 p. 11 p. 11 Background research, including legal analysis Extracting information from population data sources Tailor-made surveys Individual registration and status determination Challenges in the identification of statelessness 4. Prevention of statelessness p. 12 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 p. 13 p. 15 p. 17 p. 18 Legislative safeguards for the prevention of statelessness Reducing the risk of statelessness by promoting birth registration Verification and confirmation of nationality Challenges in the prevention of statelessness 5. Reduction of statelessness p. 19 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 p. 19 p. 20 p. 21 p. 23 (Re)acquisition of nationality following legislative reform Citizenship campaigns Facilitated naturalisation Challenges in the reduction of statelessness 6. Protection of stateless persons p. 23 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Status determination and access to an appropriate legal status Promoting access to personal documentation Promoting the non-discriminatory enjoyment of rights Challenges in the protection of stateless persons p. 24 p. 25 p. 27 p. 28 7. Reflections on the situation of statelessness in South East Asia p. 29