A/HRC/60/20 I. Introduction 1. In its resolution 53/26, the Human Rights Council requested the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to monitor and follow up on the implementation of the recommendations made by the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar, including those on accountability, and to continue to track progress in the situation of human rights in Myanmar, including of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities, and to present a report to the Council at its fifty-ninth session. In its resolution 56/1, the Council requested the High Commissioner to present that report at its sixtieth session. 2. The report presents findings from monitoring and verification activities conducted remotely by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) between 1 April 2024 and 31 May 2025. During the reporting period, limitations on financial resources affected the capacity of the Office to gather and verify information to the applicable standard, limiting the number of incidents and patterns of violations that could be reflected in the report. Reference is made to previous reports, where appropriate. II. Methodology 3. To verify allegations of violations and abuses of human rights and other grave breaches of international law committed by all parties, OHCHR conducted 289 interviews with victims and witnesses and held regular consultations with local and international organizations, United Nations entities, thematic experts and others. OHCHR analysed other available primary sources, such as satellite images and official documents, and systematically monitored the media and social media. OHCHR submitted questionnaires to the Myanmar military, the National Unity Government and several ethnic armed organizations to ensure that all parties had the opportunity to express their views. Inputs were analysed and attributed in the report when incorporated. 4. Accounting for grave protection concerns, OHCHR prioritized full respect for the “do no harm” principle over other considerations. Factual determinations of incidents and patterns were made where there were reasonable grounds to believe that relevant incidents had occurred. The figures of verified deaths represent an underestimation of realities on the ground, as military-imposed Internet shutdowns and other restrictions hampered the ability to document fully all violations. III. Human rights situation in Myanmar A. Conflict-related developments 5. Over the four years since the military coup, escalating violence continued to take an insufferable toll on the civilian population. According to credible sources, 1 as at 31 May 2025, the military had killed a minimum of 6,764 civilians over that time period, including 1,409 women and 810 children. The military had arrested 29,209 individuals on political grounds, of whom 22,074 remained in detention, including 4,234 women and 235 children. Military-controlled courts had sentenced 172 detainees to death without respect for due process, fair trial rights or judicial guarantees of independence. 6. Despite calls by the United Nations and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations for the de-escalation of violence, the military reportedly continued to carry out killings, disappearances, arbitrary deprivations of liberty and the conscription of civilians. 2 Reflecting a trend that emerged during the reporting period, OHCHR received 26 allegations of the use of chemicals, including fertilizers, attached to explosive devices in six states and regions, with 22 incidents reported in Shan State. 1 2 2 See https://aappb.org. See A/HRC/54/59 and A/HRC/56/23.