This denial and lack of engagement is part of the Israeli suppression regime, as it leaves Palestinian civil society, human rights organizations, and activists isolated and without due protection. Suppression of Palestinian Identity and Culture Legal Framework Cultural rights are recognized under International Human Rights Law. The UDHR establishes that everyone is entitled to realize their cultural rights (Article 22) and “participate in the cultural life of the community” (Article 27). These rights were supplemented by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which holds that all people have the right to pursue social and cultural development by virtue of their right to self-determination (Article 1) and that State Parties must respect and encourage people’s abilities to do so (Article 15). It should be noted that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has ruled that Israel’s obligations under the ICESCR extend to Palestinians in the oPt despite their not being under the sovereign jurisdiction of the state, and that the Maastricht Guidelines explicitly state that “Under circumstances of alien domination... The dominating or occupying power bears responsibility for violations of economic, social and cultural rights.”323 Furthermore, Palestinians who have Israeli citizenship have recognized special rights as a minority. Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) states that minorities “shall not be denied the right… to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion, or to use their own language.” This right is echoed by the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, which also adds that States shall encourage the promotion of their identity and “take measures in the field of education, in order to encourage knowledge of the history, traditions, language and culture of the minorities existing within their territory” (Article 4(4)). It has also been affirmed in Article 2c of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. Palestinians’ cultural rights are recognized on an individual basis as well as by virtue of being an indigenous group. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Declaration) upholds that indigenous groups have the right to: “maintain and strengthen their distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions” (Article 5), have a nationality (Article 6), 323 The Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 22-26 January 1997 89