to the restrictions and discriminatory regulations.304 The Israeli government has subsequently targeted them directly through laws designed to cut them off from foreign funds. The ‘Foreign Government Funding Law’ passed in 2011 imposes invasive reporting requirements such as quarterly reports on any foreign funding they receive and accounts of any oral or written undertakings in relation to foreign funders. As every NGO in Israel is already compelled by law to publicly disclose its sources of funding, this law is a superfluous measure designed to negatively impact NGOs by imposing additional restrictions that could discourage foreign funders.305 Further proof of its discriminatory nature is revealed by the specific exemptions written into the law for “the World Zionist Organization, the Jewish Agency for Israel, the United Israel Appeal, the Jewish National Fund and their subsidiary corporations from its provisions.”306 The effects of the discrimination were compounded by the Transparency Bill passed in 2016 which compels NGOs receiving over 50 percent of their funding from foreign sources, such as international aid organizations, to “indicate this on every document, website, sign or publication that they issue and in all communication with officials.”307 Amnesty International decried the stipulations of the bill as indicating “a politically-motivated stigmatizing of organizations that oppose Israeli government policies and practices” that appears “designed to have a chilling effect on freedom of expression and association inside Israel.”308 Evidence to this effect was later provided by a list released by the Justice Ministry showing that of the 27 NGOs explicitly targeted by the bill, 25 were left-wing and primarily distinguishable by their criticism of government policies and advocacy for human rights.309 Other bills proposed in 2011 and 2013 sought to severely restrict or heavily tax international funding to organizations on grounds such as their refusal to recognize Israel as a ‘Jewish and democratic state,’ supporting boycotts of Israel, or calling for prosecution of officials or Israeli soldiers in international 304 Adalah, “Foreign Government Funding Law” – Law on Disclosure Requirements for Recipients of Support from a Foreign State Entity, 2011. Available at: https://www.adalah.org/en/law/view/497 305 Ibid. 306 Ibid. 307 Civicus, Alert on Israel: NGO ‘Transparency’ Law part of wider trend to silence dissent, 29 July 2016. Available at: http://www.civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/news/856-alert-on-israel-ngotransparency-law-part-of-wider-trend-to-silence-dissent 308 Amnesty International, Israeli Government must cease intimidation of human rights defenders, protect them from attacks, 12 April 2016. Available at: https://www.amnesty.nl/nieuwsportaal/pers/ israeli-government-must-cease-intimidation-human-rights-defenders-protect-them-at 309 Yonah Jeremy Bob, Gil Hoffman, Lahav Harkov, NGOs hit back: Im Tirzu says NGO list shows European anti-Semitism, The Jerusalem Post, 6 February 2016. Available at: http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/ Exclusive-Almost-all-organizations-targeted-in-Israeli-NGO-bill-are-left-wing-455751 85