for suspects, and judge them or hand them over to another state for trial.”378 Moreover, all signatories must take all available measures to ensure respect for the Convention.379 War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity Unlike grave breaches, war crimes are acts or omissions that also violate IHL, but that are criminalized in international law.380 While grave breaches should entail criminal consequences in domestic law, war crimes entail criminal consequences in international law.381 As such, the Rome Statute of the ICC, incorporated the aforementioned grave breaches as war crimes together with other serious violations, including; intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population, the deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or outside this territory, employing bullets which expand or flatten easily in the human body, and committing outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment.382 The Rome Statute also included a list of acts that constitute crimes against humanity “when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population.”383 This list includes; murder, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law, torture, the crime of apartheid, other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health. In the Rome Statute the crime of apartheid refers to inhumane acts of a character similar to other crimes against humanity “committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime.”384 The 1973 International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (Apartheid Convention) specifies that the crime of apartheid “shall include similar policies and practices of racial segregation and discrimination as 378 Ibid., Article 146 379 Geneva Conventions, Common Article 1 380 Marko Divac O’berg, The absorption of grave breaches into war crimes law, International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 91, Number 873, March 2009, page 164 381 Ibid., page 166 382 Rome Statute, Article 8 383 Ibid., Article 7 384 Ibid., Article 7(2)(h) 103