• Does the application for naturalization in a foreign country alter the nationality status of an individual if the person concerned has not received any guarantee of acquiring the other nationality? • In cases where deprivation of nationality is foreseen, are the reasons for deprivation clearly defined? Can deprivation of nationality lead to statelessness? Are there procedural guarantees in place? On recovery of nationality • Is recovery of nationality facilitated for former nationals who are lawfully and habitually resident on the State’s territory? • Can a previously held nationality be restored for someone who loses the acquired nationality because of a change in marital or other status? If so, will restoration take place automatically or must the person apply while they are stateless? Are there procedural guarantees in place? On naturalization • If a foreigner applies for naturalization, are they requested to prove the formal renunciation of a previous nationality? Or is the guarantee that they will be released from a previous nationality upon acquisition of a new nationality sufficient? • Are the process of naturalization and requirements for naturalization clearly defined? • Are there any administrative practices – such as lengthy procedures, excessive fees, requests for documents that the applicant cannot produce, and/or short deadlines that the applicant cannot meet – that can result in statelessness? On acquisition of proof of identity and nationality • What is the administrative procedure for registering births? Is it used in practice? If there is a deadline for birth registration, can births be registered subsequently? • Are there any administrative practices – such as lengthy procedures, excessive fees and/or short deadlines that the applicant cannot meet – that can result in difficulties in obtaining proof of nationality? Why should States accede to the 1954 Convention and the 1961 Convention? At the national level, acceding to the 1954 and 1961 Conventions on statelessness: • is a way for States to demonstrate their commitment to treat stateless persons in accordance with internationally recognised human rights and humanitarian standards, including the right to a nationality; • ensures that stateless persons have access to the protection of a State so that they are able to live with security and dignity; • provides a framework to identify stateless persons within their territory and ensure enjoyment of their rights, including through issuance of identity documentation and travel documents; 51

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