 FIGURE 7: Distribution of men-headed households for the Shona community and Kenyans Percent of households 100 77 72 78 77 75 76 80 60 40 20 0 Shona National (urban) Population average Shona National Kiambu County Shona National Nairobi County Source: Shona SES (2019) and KIHBS (KNBS 2015/16). have larger dependency ratios than nationals in their respective counties: while one Shona is responsible for one dependent in Kiambu and Nairobi, two Kenyans are responsible for only one dependent (p<0.01). 17. For both the Shona and nationals, the daily decisions in most households are made by men. Among the Shona community, about 8 in 10 households are headed by men compared to 7 in 10 in urban Kenya (p<0.01; Figure 7). At the county levels, both the Shona community and national households have similar rates of households headed by men. In Kiambu and Nairobi counties, the rates of men heading households are nearly the same for Shona and national households (77 percent and 78 percent in Kiambu; 75 percent and 76 percent in Nairobi, correspondingly). III.  Access to Basic Services i. Housing 18. More than half of Shona houses are constructed with improved housing materials, similar to what is observed among nationals (Figure 8). Having improved housing could be an effective preventive intervention for ­vector-borne diseases such as malaria, and other respiratory infections (Florey  FIGURE 8: Proportion of improved housing for the Shona community and Kenyans Percent of households 100 88 80 60 62 76 67 66 48 40 20 0 Shona National (urban) Population average Shona National Kiambu County Shona National Nairobi County Source: Shona SES (2019) and KIHBS (KNBS 2015/16). Findings 10183_Shona Report.indd 11  11 12/14/20 2:56 PM