Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies UNRWA and Palestinian Refugees intervene in the Arab states. UNHCR regularly engages with states and other agencies to pressure non-compliant actors through the UN human rights machinery. UNRWA claims competence to take on such monitoring, but has no treaty-based authority to do so, and is further limited by resource constraints. Thus, Palestinian refugees in the Arab region are outside a firm basis for agency intervention in this entire machinery for protection and promotion of their refugee rights, leaving them in indefinite protection limbo as a matter of refugee law. Bibliography Akram, S.M. and Lynk, M. (2011) Arab-Israeli Conflict. In: Wolfrum, R. (ed.) The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 499-525. Akram, S. M. and Rempel, T. (2004) Temporary Protection as an Instrument for Implementing the Right of Return for Palestinian Refugees. Boston University International Law Journal, 22 (1), pp. 1-162. BADIL (2012) Survey of Palestinian Refugees and Displaced Persons: 2010-2012, Vol. 7. Bethlehem: BADIL Resource Center. BADIL (2005) Closing Protection Gaps: Handbook on Protection of Palestinian Refugees in States Signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention. Bethlehem: BADIL Resource Center. 26