Whose Freedom of Movement Is Worth Defending? 131 into stark relief by the on-going refugee crisis, the thousands of avoidable deaths so far this year in the Mediterranean, and the growing number of people stuck in makeshift camps in European countries.7 It is the fact that, beyond the political, cultural and socio-economic cleavages between citizens within Europe, there is a far greater and growing divide between European citizens and the people they want to keep out. European policy-­ makers identify the refugee crisis and the ‘heightened terrorist threat’ as central challenges to the European free movement zone. It is not news that the free movement of European citizens is widely understood to rely on hard external European borders, and now also enhanced monitoring of movement between European states. But surely this has to factor into any response to Floris de Witte’s question of whether there is ‘any reason to defend free movement as the core of EU citizenship’. Most importantly, the conspicuous refusal of the EU to respond humanely to refugees and other migrants seeking entry, as well as its collective failure to show solidarity with its own member states at the forefront of the crisis, cannot be neglected from this discussion. How can we try to defend free movement as the core of EU citizenship without considering what is happening right now at (and indeed within) the EU’s own borders?8 Returning to the Brexit case, the refugee crisis and the EU’s response to it featured prominently in the public debate about the costs and benefits of EU membership. The Brexiteers were accused of trying to stoke up anti-­ refugee and anti-migrant fears, particularly with Nigel Farage’s now infamous ‘Breaking Point’ poster, which pictured people crossing the Croatia-Slovenia border.9 But it is crucial to note that the Remain side raised the issue of refugees, too—we must not forget, for example, David Cameron’s warnings that leaving the EU could mean that Calais-style camps move from France to the UK.10 In effect, both sides were arguing, either 7 8 9 10 ‘Migrant crisis: Greek islands see rising numbers in camps’, BBC News, 17 August 2016, available at http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37099332. ‘Greek refugee camp is “as bad as a Nazi concentration camp”, says minister’, Independent, 18 March 2016, available at http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/europe/idomeni-refugee-dachau-nazi-concentration-camp-greek-minister-a6938826.html. ‘Nigel Farage’s anti-migrant poster reported to police’, The Guardian, 16 June 2016, available at https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/16/ nigel-farage-defends-ukip-breaking-point-poster-queue-of-migrants. ‘David Cameron says Calais refugee camps could move to Kent after EU exit’, Independent, 8 February 2016, available at http://www.independent.co.uk/ news/uk/politics/migrant-refugee-camp-calais-britain-brexit-eu-exit-david-