Formerly stateless individuals in Turkmenistan acquire nationality following a UNHCR supported registration exercise in Ashgabat. © UNHCR/ B. Baloch 2004-2005 registration campaign to naturalize ethnic Turkmen refugees From October 2004 to February 2005, the Turkmen Government and UNHCR conducted a joint registration exercise (2004-2005 Refugee Registration Campaign) to identify and register all the refugees who had settled in Turkmenistan a decade or so earlier. Most were ethnic Turkmen who fled armed conflict in Tajikistan for Turkmenistan between 1992 and 1997, although some were ethnic Turkmen from Afghanistan who had been granted residence permits in 1994. UNHCR offered technical advice to the Turkmen Government during the 2004-2005 Refugee Registration Campaign, for instance by providing inputs on the type of biographical data to be collected. UNHCR also provided logistical and material assistance, including software, cars, laptops, cameras, printers and copying machines to help mobile units reach the affected population and conduct the registration. Once the exercise was completed, negotiations were conducted with the Government to find the best durable solution for these individuals. The Presidential Decree of August 2005 resulted in the naturalization of 16,298 persons who had been registered, of whom 11,200 were refugees. 27 CAMPAIGN TO END STATELESSNESS WITHIN 10 YE ARS