In-Between Categories 55 Apodēmoi Ellēnes (Athens: Ethnikon Kentron Koinōnikōn Ereunōn, 1972), 70. On the possibilities for Italian futures in Egypt, see Viscomi, “Mediterranean Futures.” 28 Dalachanis, Greek Exodus, 92, 96; Gianluca P. Parolin, Citizenship in the Arab World: Kin, Religion and Nation-State (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 81. 29 30 Dalachanis, Greek Exodus, 94–95. Interviews conducted by the author with Greeks in Cairo and Alexandria, Egypt, between June 2015 and January 2016. The issue of residence permits had already been addressed in 1953 by Muhammad Naguib, Egypt’s first president. Dalachanis, Greek Exodus, 96. 31 32 Giannis A., interview by the author, Cairo, 8 January 2016. For further information on the Greeks’ education, see Eftychia Mylona, “ ‘Our Greek Dignity and Our Educational Autonomy’: Arabic Language Teaching in Greek Schools, 1950s to 1970s,” in Colonial Vocabularies: Teaching and Learning Arabic in Europe (1870–1970), eds. Sarah Irving, Karène Sanchez, Lucia Admiraal, and Rachel Mairs (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, forthcoming). 33 Khalid Ikram, The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt: Issues and Policymaking since 1952 (Cairo: American University of Cairo Press, 2018), 165–67; Angelos Ntalachanis, “The Emigration of Greeks from Egypt during the Early Post-War Years,” Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora, 35, no. 2 (2009): 35– 44; Dalachanis, Greek Exodus, 90–92. 34 Dalachanis, Greek Exodus, 61. On the Ministerial Decree 263 of 1960, and the crisis it brought to the Greek community, see Eftychia Mylona, “Greeks in Egypt: Negotiating Presence, Identity and Belonging after the 1960s,” in Cultural Exchanges in the Eastern Mediterranean: Asia Minor, Cyprus and Egypt, eds. Stelios Irakleous, Michalis Michael, and Athanasios Koutoupas (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2022), 21–23. 35 Sara Salem, “Haunted Histories: Nasserism and The Promises of the Past,” Middle East Critique 28, no. 3 (2019): 272. On the role of the Egyptian public sector, see also Timothy Mitchell, Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2022). 36 Although Greeks were a good fit for this job because of their skills and familiarity with the sea, their actions and demands were not always welcomed by the Suez Company. Greeks were some of the pioneers of strikes and labor movements in the 1880s and 1890s and were often characterized as troublemakers. Thus, in some cases, they were laid off from their job and faced deportation. On this matter, see Huber, Channeling Mobilities, 113–15; Barbara Curli, “Dames Employées at the Suez Canal Company: The ‘Egyptianization’ of the Female Office Workers, 1941–56,” International Journal Middle East Studies 46 (2014): 554; telephone interviews 37