best interests.427 In addition, children should never be placed on lists that result in the de facto deprivation of certain rights, such as no-fly lists, which have clear implications on the right to freedom of movement as discussed below. 205. The present section outlines key human rights considerations related to collection and exchange of information on children for protective and security purposes. Significantly, human rights implications of data collection and exchange may be different, depending on the purpose for which such measures are undertaken. In this regard, the chapter briefly reviews key human rights that may be impacted by data collection and exchange. The chapter further analyses human rights implications stemming from different aims of collection and exchange of the information of a child, particularly in light of the best interests of the child and non-discrimination principles. The chapter concludes by briefly reviewing the procedural safeguards in collecting and exchanging data of children. 427 United Nations Secretary-General, Key principles for the protection, repatriation, prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of women and children with links to United Nations listed terrorist groups (2019), p. 6, providing “Member States should prevent the further stigmatization of children with links to United Nations listed terrorist group where possible. In the absence of criminal evidence, Children should not be placed on watch lists or in other databases based on family affiliation or alleged affiliation with an armed group.” 94. 8.1 International Law and Standards 8.1.1 Rights Affected by Collection, Use and Exchange of a Child’s Information 206. Collection and exchange of a child’s information potentially impacts the enjoyment of various human rights, depending on how it is done, for what purposes and what safeguards are in place to ensure data is not misused. As all human rights are interrelated and indivisible, impacts on one right have implications on the enjoyment of other rights. The right to privacy 207. The right to privacy428 is regarded as a foundational aspect of democratic societies. The violation of this right has an impact on numerous other human rights, including the right to life, liberty, security of person, health, work and social security, among others.429 One of the greatest risks of collection, use and exchange of personal data is the potential infringement of the right to privacy, which is provided under a number of international instruments, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child.430 The Convention requires States parties to protect every child from arbitrary or unlawful interference of his or her privacy in the home, family and through correspon- 428 “Privacy” has been defined as “the presumption that individuals should have an area of autonomous development, interaction and liberty without interaction with others, free from State intervention…” A/HRC/23/40, para. 22; A/HRC/13/37, para 11, both citing Lord Lester and D. Pannick (eds.), Human Rights Law and Practice (London, Butterworth, 2004), para. 4.82. 429 A/HRC/40/52, para. 23. 430 Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), art. 16; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), art. 17; Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), art. 17.

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