April 2025 CITIZENSHIP DENIED: FROM DRED SCOTT TO DEPORTATION Karla McKanders1 Director of the Thurgood Marshall Institute of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Special thanks to Angela Banks, Vice Dean and Charles J. Merriam Distinguished Professor of Law at Arizona State University Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, and Janel George, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Racial Equity in Education Law and Policy Clinic at Georgetown Law, for their review. 1

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