348 R. Vecellio Segate licensing terms for “licensed” humanitarian actors (and the supply chain related thereto) should be favourably set at preferential rates. 9 Conclusions People are on the move today as they always have been, but with a caveat: for the first time in human history, the planet is entirely fragmented into bordered areas we use to call “States” and whose borders are factually impenetrable due to extensive surveillance, monitoring, patrolling, and “defence” technology being deployed – where these are missing, that is just because natural barriers (like oceans, uncrossable rivers, extensive deserts, polar areas, or high mountains) are supposed to fence most migrants off on their behalf. This hyper-securitised parcellation of the globe comes exactly at a time when surreptitious forms of apartheid are most sensitive and escalating fast, including unprecedented expressions of class and especially climate apartheid (Clark and Mitchell 2021; Hall and Weiss 2012; McCordick 2021; Rice, Long, and Levenda 2021). Deeper and context-sensitive research is therefore warranted to identify those identity onboarding technology solutions that can accommodate these vulnerabilities while still catering for States’ unfortunate resolution to manage migration flows at their borders. More specifically, the role of the introducer deserves far more policy and legal space than it has enjoyed until today: no guidance on its function, profile, and procedures is traceable in PIL documents, but not even within policy reports or the most recent domestic laws on migration matters! This work, drawing on sources from the entire spectrum of the social sciences, but mainly drafted doctrinally and addressed to sociolegal scholars, intended to mark the first step in this direction, but more “frontier” and interdisciplinary research is needed to capture the sociolegal implications of deploying identity onboarding solutions vis-à-vis individuals in “borderline” situations. For instance, KYC solutions for remote customer onboarding in the banking sectors are frequently illustrated with technical flowcharts, even within official policy documents (e.g. PwC 2018, 53); the same effort should be made with scenarios of borderline citizenship, where the remote identity onboarding of individuals becomes extremely complex technically and operationally, but also legally, diplomacy-wise, and “geopolitically”. Pledged research should account for the distinctions and overlaps between identity, nationality, and citizenship; it should review the role and effectiveness of the introducer in borderline contexts across different socio-legal cultures through comparative ethnographic lenses; and it should formulate proposals for publicprivate partnerships towards defining inclusionary, accountable, and balanced standards to facilitate cross-border identity management. It should do so by mapping