166 chapter five justified due to actions of resistance by members of the exiled Palestinian nation. Perhaps most significant in Pappé’s history of the Palestinians in Israel is a 16-page Appendix at the end of the book that chronologically outlines the notable research conducted on this community. Pointing out that a large part of this research treats the community as “a test case … for a plethora of theories,” Pappé briefly documents the existing critical scholarly contributions to the sociology of the Palestinians in Israel. Throughout this work, he places these texts within the historical and political context of their publication. Beginning after the 1967 war and immersed in a discourse of modernization common to other settler-colonial states, the schol­ arly research during this time promoted the de-Palestinianization and de-Arabization of the community. In sum, scholarship after the 1967 war … saw the acceptance of Israel as a Jewish state as a positive outcome of the [modernization] process, and regarded modernization as questionable if it produced an impulse among the Palestinians in Israel to continue their struggle in the name of Palestinian nationalism and against the Zionization of the country (Pappé 2011, 277–279). With the diminishing credibility of modernization theories, explains Pappé, critical research examining Israeli policies and mechanisms of control through a lens of ethnic exclusivity and colonialism began to surface (Pappé 2011, 282–283).22 By the 1980s, critical theoretical accounts of the community and their intricate relationship with the Jewish state, the Palestinian national movement and the Arab world developed among a new generation of Palestinian academics in Israel.23 Working from many of the theoretical and structural frameworks set in place by Zureik, Palestinian intellectuals – many of whom also incorporated a feminist analysis examining the marginalizing effects of patriarchal social and political practices on Palestinian women – began collaborating with critical Jewish voices in the Israeli academia to form “a more systematic view of Israel as a settler colonialist society” (Pappé 2011, 284–285). Theoretical studies from the mid-1980s to around the mid-1990s on the effects of Israeli 22 Along with the mentioned contributions by Zureik (1979) and Lustick (1980), the writings of Khalil Nakhleh challenging the dominant Zionist anthropology of Palestinians in Israel and abroad and those of Sami Khalil Mar’i on the use of the Arab education system as a structural and conceptual tool of control by the Zionist regime are mentioned. 23 Here Pappé mentions Nadim Rouhana, Majid al-Haj, As’ad Ghanem, Ramzi Suleiman, Adel Manna and Ahmad Sa’di as some of the Palestinian scholars aiming to elaborate the levels of marginalization with which Arabs in Israel were faced (ibid., 284). We can also include the writings of Bishara (1997); Touma (1985); and Halabi (1993), among others.