In line with UNHCR’s data protection framework, UNHCR and partners must ensure that all digital tools and technologies are aligned with the principles of privacy by design and default.11 Therefore, as provided by the DPP, “when elaborating new systems, projects, or policies, or before entering into data transfer arrangements with third parties, which may negatively impact on the protection of personal data of people, UNHCR needs to carry out a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)”. 1.6 Disability Inclusion and Accountability to Affected People in MENA In 2019, the RB MENA mapped protection responses implemented by UNHCR and partners in the MENA region for disability inclusion, highlighting good practices and gaps, to strengthen accountability and inclusion of people with disabilities.12 In 2022, UNHCR and the International Disability Alliance (IDA) facilitated a Learning Event on Disability Inclusion in Displacement for 27 participants from 14 countries in the region, including staff from UNHCR, partners and disability organizations. The event discussed the further expansion of the use of Washington Group Questions on Disability13 as well as inclusive communication tools to enhance and harmonise safe identification and access to protection for people with disabilities.14 New digital tools and technologies may offer opportunities to increase participation and inclusion of people with physical, hearing, visual, intellectual, and psychosocial disabilities. For example, low/no-text content may be suitable for groups with lower literacy levels while audio/ visual content may be suitable for individuals with vision or hearing impairments.15 However, gaps relating to equal access remain for this population group. In response, as part of MENA’s planned ’Two-way Communication Toolbox’, inclusive audiovisual content and tools in the form of accessible posters, audio snippets and animated videos are being developed. RB MENA also provides regular advice to operations in the MENA region to ensure inclusive communcation strategies in all awareness-raising, information sharing, and learning initiatives implemented by UNHCR and partners. 1.7 The Programme Cycle and Accountability to Affected People The new UNHCR system of results-based management (COMPASS) introduces multi-year planning with annual implementation plans, using a new results framework. Its objective is to strengthen UNHCR’s and partners’ impact and capacity to leverage support from other stakeholders for the benefit of forcibly displaced and stateless populations through long-term strategies. The new UNHCR Global Results Areas are also linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR). The biggest change that COMPASS has brought is a shift from annual to multi-year planning with results defined by UNHCR. This shift helps UNHCR and partners to develop more transformative strategies and plans for forcibly displaced and stateless persons. The new programming framework includes three phases: • Plan for Results: Strategic planning, situational analysis and budgeting • Get Results: Annual planning, implementation monitoring, managing and adjusting • Show Results: Strategy implementation review and reporting on core indicators and results 11 The concept of privacy by design and by default are part of the UNHCR’s ‘Data Transformation Strategy 2020-2025: Supporting Protection and Solutions’. 12 See UNHCR, Power of Inclusion - Mapping the Protection Responses for Persons with Disabilities Among Refugees in the Middle East and North Africa Region. 13 See UNHCR, Need to Know Guidance: Working with Persons with Disabilities in Forced Displacement. 14 See UNHCR, Facilitator’s Guide: Strengthening Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Forced Displacement. 15 See UNHCR, Engaging with Communities via “WhatsApp Trees”. MENA AAP TOOLKIT: STRENGTHENING INCLUSION AND ACCOUNTABILITY TO AFFECTED PEOPLE 4