refugees, as well as how to record country of origin on stateless refugees’ applications for a residence permit, no actual detail on how statelessness, ‘unknown citizenship’ or ‘citizenship is under investigation’ are to be identified or categorised was given. The past decisions of the Migration Board of Appeal are the other means by which caseworkers can access information on how to determine statelessness. However, based on a review as of October 2016, this only related to individual cases and did not provide comprehensive guidance on how stateless should be identified in the asylum procedure. With regard to the LIFOS database in Sweden, which provides caseworkers with information and guidance upon which to make better informed decisions, it only provides information on the major causes of statelessness in some states, including Syria, though this is not presented thematically (LIFOS, 2016). This information on statelessness on LIFOS is far from comprehensive in terms of providing caseworkers with the information they need to be able to identify statelessness globally, or even for the countries of origin of a significant number of asylum seekers arriving in Sweden. Further to this, research has suggested that the use of LIFOS by SMA caseworkers varies considerably, as discussed in Helge Flärd’s report ‘The Use, Misuse and Non-Use of Country of Origin Information in the Swedish Asylum Process’ (Flärd, 2006). Unlike Denmark, if the stateless refugee in Sweden has their nationality incorrectly recorded or their statelessness is not accepted by the SMA, they cannot appeal the nationality assessment specifically (Migrationsverket, 2016a). Due to the lack of law and policy that the SMA have to work with in identifying statelessness amongst refugees, it is likely that some stateless refugees have had their statelessness inaccurately assessed. UNHCR (2016) also noted that this lack of law, policy and standardisation of statelessness categorisations means that individuals can have different nationality statuses recoded in the Migration Agency Register and the Population Register in Sweden. This can have negative consequences for an individual in their ability to prove their identity when they apply for naturalisation, as will be discussed below. Criteria for Naturalisation: Resolving Statelessness While the UNHCR report Mapping Statelessness in Sweden did not differentiate between the naturalisation of refugee and non-refugee stateless people, it did recognise that a relatively low number of people recorded as stateless in Sweden had managed to acquire Swedish citizenship, noting that the reasons behind this required further research (UNHCR, 2016, p. 71). The Swedish Citizenship Act details the criteria by which a foreigner can become a