IN AFRICA II. The strategic framework for managing migration MIGRATION FOR DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 2. Labour migration and education 2.1 National labour migration policies, structures and legislation Labour migration is a current and historical reality in Africa impacting directly on the economies and societies of African States in important ways. Establishing regular, transparent, comprehensive and gender-responsive labour migration policies, legislation and structures at national and regional levels, can result in significant benefits for States of origin and destination. For States of origin, for example, remittances, and skills and technology transfers can support overall development objectives. For States of destination, labour migration may satisfy important labour market needs. SDG 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries states in Target 10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies. Labour migration policies and legislation that incorporate appropriate labour standards also benefit labour migrants, members of their families, and can have a positive impact on society generally. SDG 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all stipulates in Target 8.8 (p)rotect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment. 16 In 2015, the AU adopted the AU Declaration and Plan of Action on Employment, Poverty Eradication and Inclusive Development in Africa and the Joint Labour Migration Programme (JLMP), which promotes critical areas of facilitating the free movement of workers as a means of advancing regional integration and development. Key activity areas of the JLMP include skills portability and the mutual recognition of qualifications, and the development of an African Qualifications Framework. Most Sub-Saharan African countries face labour and skills shortages in specific sectors, while at the same time battling with unemployment and a growing youth bulge. Regional skills pooling enabled through mobility can help to address this challenge and allocate labour where it is most productive and needed. For Africa’s large and growing youthful population to 16 The applicable international standards for the protection of migrant workers include the 1) the 9 core international human rights instruments; 2) the 8 ILO Fundamental (Core) Conventions; 3) ILO Conventions 97 and 143 and related recommendations; 4) The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families; 5) the 2014 Protocol (P029) to the Forced Labour Convention of 1930 (No. 29); ILO Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No.181); ILO Convention on Domestic Workers, 2011 (No.189) and associated recommendation No.201. 33